A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars.
B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.
C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.
D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.
A. I would lend you the money willingly if I were convinced that you really required it.
B. As I realized just how necessary the loan was to you, I naturally lent you what you needed.
C. Had I realized that you were in need of such a loan, I would gladly have lent it to you myself.
D. I was under no obligation to offer you a loan, but nevertheless did so gladly.
The scene is set in Normandy, but most of the characters in this novel are Londoners.
We got caught in a traffic jam so we were among the last to arrive.
A. Most people got there before us as we were held up by the traffic.
B. The late arrivers all put the blame on the heavy traffic.
C. The traffic was so heavy that nearly everyone arrived late.
D. There was such a congestion on the roads that I thought we never would get there.
A. Careful environmental planning protects the world we live in.
B. Planning the environment carefully, we can protect the world in which we live.
C. Protecting the world we live in, we plan the environment carefully.
D. We can protect the world we live in only with careful environmental planning.
A. On the way home, I suddenly realized that I had forgotten to turn on the burglar alarm in the office.
B. Fortunately, I realized that I hadn't set the burglar alarm just before I left for home; otherwise, I would have had to travel all the way back to the office.
C. I didn’t turn the burglar alarm on before I left the office, but I only became aware of this after I'd arrived home.
D. I wish I had realized before I arrived home that I hadn't turned on the burglar alarm in the office, then it would have been easier to go and set it.
A. Doctors would rather give avice about colds than about fluids.
B. Rest and liquids are frequently advised for treatment of colds.
C. The doctors recommend that you have cold soft drinks.
D. You were told to come in out of the cold and rest.
A. The status of the school child makes my cousin happy.
B. My cousin doesn’t want to be a school child any more.
C. My cousin is determined to put up with the other school children.
D. My cousin decides to play down the status of the school child.
If it hadn't been for my father's encouragement, I would never have become a chef.
A. If my father hadn't been courageous, I wouldn't have become a chef.
B. It was my father who encouraged me to become a chef.
C. If my father had encouraged me, I would never have become a chef.
D. My father didn't encourage me to become a chef.
A. Without your assistance, we could get achievement
B. Your assistance discouraged us from get achievement.
C. But for your assistance, we could not have got achievement.
D. If you assisted us, we could not get achievement.
A. Every year, to lay their eggs, migrating birds return to their place of birth.
B. Every year, migrating birds return to their place of birth while laying their eggs.
C. Every year, on returning to their place of birth, migrating birds lay their eggs.
D. Every year, on the journey back to their place of birth, migrating birds lay eggs.
A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair.
B. Gavin was suggested to have a hair cut.
C. It was suggested that Adam get Gavin’s haircut.
D. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut.
A. It is difficult for me to get employed at my age.
B. I’m young, so it is difficult to start looking for a job.
C. Getting employed at such ages is also difficult.
D. I don’t think I can start looking for a job now.
The accident happened as a result of the driver’s not paying attention to the road.
A. If the driver would have paid attention to the road, the accident hadn’t happened.
B. Had the driver been paid attention to the road, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
C. If the driver had been paying attention to the road, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
D. Had the accident not happened, the driver would not have had to pay attention to the road.
A. My friend advised me to take extra classes in English only if I wanted to become a tourist guide.
B. My friend suggested I take extra classes in English if I wanted to become a tourist guide.
C. In my friend's opinion, I will never become a tourist guide if I don't take extra classes in English.
D. In my friend's opinion, taking extra classes in English is necessary if I wanted to become a tourist guide.
A. The pollution of the seas can only be prevented provided that many countries follow the same policy.
B. By putting into practice a series of precaution it is generally believed that the pollution of the seas will be prevented.
C. The sea will, it seems, continue to be polluted unless this agreement is accepted by a majority of the countries.
D. A lot of countries agree that it is essential to take strong action to put an end to the pollution of the sea.
A. The more famous Keanu Reeves became, the more difficult for him it was to avoid newspaper reporters.
B. The more Keanu Reeves became famous, the more difficult for him it was to avoid newspaper reporters.
C. The more famous Keanu Reeves became, the more difficult for him to avoid newspaper reporters it was.
D. The more famous Keanu Reeves became, the more difficult it was for him to avoid newspaper reporters.
A. The only activities in which she allows her daughter to take part are those watched over by a grown-up.
B. If an older person is in attendance, she usually agrees to her daughter’s participation in activities.
C. She always takes her daughter to activities which are supervised by grown-ups.
D. As long as she herself is present at the activity, she permits her daughter to join in.
A. Ha Long Bay was recognized twice by the UNESCO, and as a consequence it remains one of the country’s top attractions.
B. Ha Long Bay, the global heritage which was recognized twice by the UNESCO, that remains one of the country’s top attractions.
C. Ha Long Bay, is the global heritage and was recognized twice by the UNESCO, remains one of the country’s top attractions.
D. It is Ha Long Bay, the global heritage recognized twice by the UNESCO, that remains one of the country’s top attractions.
She said she would go to the police unless she was given her money back.
A. She went to the police because she hadn't got her money back.
B. She wasn’t given her money back because she had gone to the police.
C. She was given her money back and then went to the police.
D. She hasn't yet got her money back or gone to the police.
A. He complimented her on being beautiful today.
B. He said to me that she was beautiful that day.
C. He complimented her on being beautiful that day.
D. He complemented her on being beautiful that day.
The sooner we solve this problem, the better it will be for all concerned.
A. If all concerned are better, we can solve this problem soon.
B. If we could solve this problem soon, it would be better for all concerned.
C. If we can solve this problem soon, it will be better for all concerned.
D. It would be better for all concerned if we can solve this problem soon.
A. Tom pleaded with the boss to send him to a warm climate.
B. Tom begged the boss send him to a warm climate.
C. Tom would rather went to a warm climate.
D. Tom asked his boss to go to a warm climate.
When the unemployment rale is high, the crime rate is usually also high.
Eating with chopsticks feels strange to Jonathan.
A. Eating with chopsticks isn’t what Jonathan used to.
B. Jonathan is not used to eating with chopsticks.
C. Not feeling strange, Jonathan tries eating with chopsticks.
D. Jonathan didn’t use to eat with chopsticks.
A. It is said that well over ten people are interested in having an interview for the job.
B. It is said that no fewer than ten people are going to be interviewed for the job.
C. People say that fewer than ten job interviews have been held so far.
D. I have heard that only ten people have been chosen to have the job interviewed.
A. Robert suggested having Lam’s room repainted.
B. Robert asked Lam why you didn’t have your room repainted.
C. Robert wanted to know why Lam doesn’t have his room repainted.
D. Robert suggested that Lam should have his room repainted.
A. A rare disease is rumoured to be causing suffering to the leader.
B. It was rumoured that the leader has been suffering from a rare disease.
C. The leader is rumoured to have been suffering from a rare disease.
D. The leader has been rumoured to suffer from a rare disease.
A. People must never take their helmet off while they are riding a motorbike.
B. Those who are wearing a helmet are not allowed to ride a motorbike.
C. It is the helmet that one needn't wear when he is riding a motorbike
D. You should not wear a helmet when you are riding a motorbike.
Though he had known about it well in advance, he pretended to be surprised at having a birthday party.
A. He acted surprised about being given a birthday party, but he had known about it a long time before
B. Despite only pretending to be surprised at the birthday party, he had actually been completely unaware of it.
C. He knew about the birthday party a long time before, yet he wasn't pretending when he acted surprised.
D. He was quite surprised at their throwing him a birthday party, though he could have found out it well before.
A. There is no expectation for Vietnamese athletes to win due to lack of training.
B. Whereas Vietnamese athletes were intensively trained, their performance was below expectation.
C. Vietnamese athletes were intensively trained carefully, and they won all the matches.
D. It might not be possible for Vietnamese athletes to get good results because their training was not careful.
A. It is believed that he and a friend had discovered traces of treasure in the hole.
B. Traces of treasure are believed to have been discovered in the hole by him and a friend.
C. Traces of treasure were believed to have been discovered in the hole by him and a friend.
D. It was believed that he and a friend had discovered traces of treasure in the hole.
A. Why haven’t they have been informed about the new development?
B. Shouldn’t they have been consulted before the scheme was changed?
C. Don’t they think they should be informed about the changes in the plan?
D. We’d better ask them to change the plan, hadn’t we?
A child is influenced as much by his schooling as by his parents.
A. Schooling doesn’t influence a child as much as his parents do.
B. A child’s parents have greater influence on him than his schooling.
C. A child can influence his parents as much as his schooling.
D. A child's schooling influences him as much as his parents do.
A. I lost contact with Harold, so I couldn’t understand his behavior.
B. I have to lose a lot to understand Harold’s behavior.
C. I understood Harold’s behavior completely.
D. I find Harold's behavior quite incomprehensible.
We couldn’t have managed our business successfully without my father’s money.
A. It’s undeniable that too many children watch TV.
B. It’s undeniable that children don’t watch too many TV programmes.
C. It can’t be denied that children watch too many TV programmes.
D. It’s obviously true that children spend too much time watching TV.
A. Peter is too busy that he can’t help anyone.
B. You shouldn’t ask Peter for help as he will refuse.
C. There’s no point asking Peter for help because he is too busy.
D. It takes your time when you ask Peter for help because he is too busy.
I never thought that I could win a prize.
A. It never dawned in me that I could win a prize.
B. I was never put off from winning a prize.
C. It never crossed my mind that I could win a prize.
D. I never had full advantage of winning a prize.
A. It was so impressive a painting that I had an irresistible urge to buy it.
B. So impressive the painting was that I had an irresistible urge to buy it.
C. So impressive was the painting that I had an irresistible urge to buy.
D. Such was the impressive of the painting that I had an irresistible urge to buy it.
People believe that Luong Van Tuy high school is the best one in Ninh Binh.
A. Luong Van Tuy high school was believed to be the best school in Ninh Binh.
B. Luong Van Tuy high school was believed to have been the best school in Ninh Binh.
C. Luong Van Tuy high school is believed to have been the best school in Ninh Binh.
D. Luong Van Tuy high school is believed to be the best one in Ninh Binh .
A. He’s a failure as an a businessman even though he’s extremely hardworking.
B. No matter how hard he tries, he won’t ever turn that business into a going concern.
C. The success of the business will depend upon the amount of hard work he puts into it.
D. Unless he is willing to make more of an effort, the business is never likely to be a success.
The last time I saw Peter was when I ran into him at the station on my way to Glasgow.
A. I haven't seen Peter since a chance meeting with him at the station when I was setting off for Glasgow
B. The last time I went to Glasgow, I happened to meet Peter at the station.
C. When I last saw Peter at the station when I was on my way to Glasgow, I ran after him.
D. I finally saw Peter at the station when I was on my way to Glasgow.
A. The traffic jam prevented us from getting to the cinema.
B. The traffic was so heavy that everybody arrived at the cinema late.
C. There was such a congestion on the road that nobody arrived at the cinema on time.
D. Most people get to the cinema before us as we were held up by the traffic jam.
A. The team leader ordered us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
B. The team leader reminded us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
C. The team leader asked us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
D. The team leader simply wanted us to tidy up the final draft before submission.
“If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill your boy,” the kidnappers told us.
A. The janitor advised me to move the bicycle and said that it was in the way.
B. The janitor asked if I woul mind moving the bicycle and said to me that it was in the way.
C. The janitor told me to move the bicycle because it was in the way.
D. The janitor suggested moving the bicycle and told that it was in the way.
A. When he was arriving, things went wrong.
B. No longer did he arrive, but things still went wrong.
C. No sooner had he arrived than things went wrong.
D. Because he arrived, things still went wrong.
They believe that burning fossil fuels is the main cause of air pollution.
B. Burning fossil fuels is believed to result from air pollution.
A. Her teacher advised him and she didn't write a good essay.
B. Her teacher didn't advise her and she didn't write a good essay.
C. She wrote a good essay as her teacher gave her some advice.
D. If her teacher didn't advise her, she wouldnt write such a good essay.
Without my teacher’s advice, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition.
A. If it hadn’t been for my teacher’s advice, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition.
B. If my tutor hadn’t advised me, I would have participated in the competition.
C. Had my teacher advised me, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition.
D. If my teacher didn’t advised me, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition.
A. The girl blamed her younger brother for returning the book late.
B. The girl advised her younger brother to return the book early.
C. The girl told her younger brother to return the book when she asked.
D. The girl wanted to have the book returned to her younger brother soon.
A. The father forced Susan to apply for the job.
B. The father asked Susan to applying for the job.
C. The father wanted Susan not to apply for the job.
D. The father encouraged Susan to apply for the job.
Few other paintings in the world are as famous as the Mona Lisa.
A. There are more famous paintings in the world than the Mona Lisa, but not many.
B. The Mona Lisa is among a group of paintings that are very famous worldwide.
C. A few other paintings in the world are more famous than the Mona Lisa.
D. Only a small number of paintings throughout the world are equally well-known as the Mona Lisa.
It’s likely that I’ll have left the party before she shows up.
A. I would like to have left the party before she arrives.
B. She won’t be able to find me at the party when she finally arrives.
C. By the time she arrives at the party, I may well have already gone.
D. Once she has got to party, I will probably leave.
A. It's a pity that she has never been able to speak Chinese.
B. She should have chosen to study Chinese when she was at school.
C. She wishes that she had had the chance to study Chinese.
D. She is sorry that she didn't learn Chinese when she had the chance.
A. If you have $100,000, you can buy a house in that district.
B. You won’t be able to buy a house in that district for less than $100,000.
C. You won’t be able to buy a house in that district for more than $100,000.
D. $100,000 is the maximum price for a house in that district.
A. Sam is in two minds about getting up early in the morning.
B. Sam is not hesitant to get up early in the morning.
C. Sam is accustomed to getting up early in the morning.
D. Sam is pleased with getting up early in the morning.
A. The Prince is rumoured to have secretly got married to an ordinary girl.
B. It was rumoured that the Prince secretly got married to an ordinary girl.
C. The Prince was rumoured to secretly get married to an ordinary girl.
D. The Prince had secretly got married to an ordinary girl, as it was rumoured.
I had to clear the spare room before I could start decorating.
A. Not until had I cleared the spare room I could start decorating.
B. Before I cleared the spare room I could start decorating.
C. Only when I had cleared the spare room could I start decorating.
D. Only when I had finished clearing the spare room, I could start decorating.
He didn’t pay attention to what I said.
A. He took no notice of my words.
B. He didn’t hear me even though I was saying to him.
C. He had no intention to talk to me.
D. He took my advice.
A. Jane reminded James of the dangers of careless driving.
B. Jane criticized Janies for driving carelessly.
C. Jane warned James against driving so fast.
D. Jane pleaded with James not to drive so fast.
Johan is by far the most intelligent boy I have ever talked to.
A. I have never talked to any boy as intelligent as Johan.
B. Johan is far more intelligent than anyone I have ever talked to.
C. Johan is the most intelligent boy I have never talked to.
D. I have ever talked to a far more intelligent boy than Johan.
A. The discovery made by the archaeologists when they opened the tomb was amazing.
B. The findings upon the opening of the tomb took all archaeologists by surprise.
C. The tomb having been opened, the archaeologists were amazed by their discoveries.
D. Opening the tomb, what was discovered by the archaeologists was amazing.
He reluctantly accepted that he would have to spend the evening on his own.
We can’t possibly offer a higher salary in these terrible economic conditions.
A. It was midnight that the noise next door stopped.
B. The noise next door stopped at midnight.
C. Not until midnight did the noise next door stop.
D. It was not until after midnight that the noise next door stopped.
Even though some events were cancelled, thousands of people attended the festival.
The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay.
A. The more increasingly the crowd became, the longer the delay was.
B. The crowd became very angry because the delay was so long.
C. The more the crowd became angry at the delay, the longer they feel.
D. The longer the delay was, the angrier the crowd became.
A. The journey will not last nine hours no matter which route you take.
B. No matter which means you takes, it will take about nine hours.
C. You can take the route you like, and it doesn’t take as long as nine hours.
D. It doesn't matter which route you take, the journey will be about nine hours.
A. They advised that the doors should be locked carefully at night.
B. The doors were advised to be locked carefully at night.
C. They advised the doors being locked carefully at night.
D. They advised to lock the doors carefully at night.
A. Because I was expecting her to be competent, I was shocked to see her perform rather badly.
B. I was mistaken about her suitability for the position since she proved rather incompetent.
C. Contrary to my initial impression, she was not totally unsuitable for the position.
D. I was right in thinking that she was totally useless for the job.
She didn’t understand the benefits of volunteering until she joined this club.
A. Not until she joined this club did she understand the benefits of volunteering.
B. It was not until she joined this club did she understand the benefits of volunteering.
C. Not until did she join this club, she understood the benefits of volunteering.
D. Not until she joined this club that she understood the benefits of volunteering.
A. Unless he had prepared well for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t regret it now.
B. But for his ill preparation for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t regret it now.
C. If it hadn’t been for his good preparation for his GCSE examination, he wouldn ’t regret it now.
D. If he had prepared well for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t have regretted it now.
A. If you didn’t support me, I would not be able to complete the task successfully.
B. If you had not supported me, I could have completed the task successfully.
C. Had it not been for your support, I could not have completed the task successfully.
D. Were it not for your support, I would not be able to complete the task successfully.
A. Arriving home, he said that it would start to rain.
B. Hardly had it started to rain when he arrived home.
C. It started to rain and then he arrived home.
D. No sooner had he arrived home than it started to rain.
A. Jane has a headache and she would mind Tom turning down the TV.
B. Jane asked Tom turn down the TV and she had a headache.
C. Jane advised Tom to turn down the TV because she had a headache.
D. Jane asked Tom to turn down the TV as she had a headache.
She raised her hand high so that she could attract her teacher's attention.
A. Though she raised her hand high, she could not attract her teacher's attention.
B. She had such a high raising of hand that she failed to attract her teacher's attention.
C. Because her teacher attracted her, she raised her hand high.
D. To attract her teacher's attention, she raised her hand high.
Never have people been so well informed as they are now, thanks to TV news programs.
A. Thanks to TV news programs, people are now too well informed.
B. People have been so informative thanks to TV news programs.
C. TV news programs are very informative than before and people are better informed.
D. People are better informed than they have been, thanks to TV news programs.
A. The mother was forced to keep her son ’s mistake secret when he insisted.
B. The boy earnestly insisted that his mother tell his father about his mistake.
C. The boy requested his mother not to talk about his mistake anymore.
D. The boy begged his mother not to tell his father about his mistake
“Congratulations, you’ve been offered the job,” Mr. Jones said.
A. I finished the essay last night because I was extremely bored.
B. I finished the essay last night because there was nothing else to do.
C. I couldn't finish the essay last night because I was very tired.
D. I tried to finish it last night, but the essay was too tiring.
A. Before tomorrow morning we will probably know the result of the elections.
B. Tomorrow morning is probably the earliest that anyone will know the result of the selection.
C. The results of the elections will most likely be made known before tomorrow morning.
D. We will probably not be told the results of the elections tomorrow morning.
A. If you listened to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
B. If you listen to my advice in the first place, you will not be in this mess right now.
C. If you had listened to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
D. If you had listened to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t have been in this mess right now.
A. It was not until everyone had gone home that Olivia left the office.
B. It was until everyone had gone home that Olivia didn’t leave the office.
C. Not until everyone had gone home that Olivia left the office.
D. It was not until everyone had gone home did Olivia leave the office.
At no time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreement.
A. The two sides had no time to reach an agreement.
B. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement.
C. If the two sides had had time, they would have reached an agreement.
D. The two sides never looked like each other.
People who are unhappy sometimes try to compensate by eating too much.
A. Unhappy people are usually overweight because they tend to eat too much.
B. Eating too much occasionally makes people unhappy and depressed.
C. For some people, eating too much is a reason to be miserable.
D. When depressed, people occasionally attempt to offset their misery by overeating.
A. The president was reported to suffer a heart attack.
B. People say that the president had suffered a heart attack.
C. It was reported that the president had suffered a heart attack.
D. People reported the president to suffer a heart attack.
Had she read the reference books, she would have been able to finish the test.
A. If she had read the reference books, she could finish the test.
B. Not having read the reference books, she couldn’t finish the test.
C. Although she didn’t read the reference books, she was able to finish the test.
D. Because she read the reference books, she was able to finish the test.
Our parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home.
A. She immediately phoned her mom that she would receive the exam results.
B. No sooner had she received the exam results than she phoned her mom.
C. No sooner had she phoned her mom than she received the exam results.
D. She received the exam results immediately after she phoned her mom.
A. If I were you, I would go straight to the bush in the next report.
B. If I were you, I would have the next report got started.
C. If I were you, I would not beat around the bush in the next report.
D. If I were you, I would not point out the next report.
A. No sooner had he approached the house that the policemen stopped him.
B. Hardly he had approached the house that the policemen stopped him.
C. No sooner had he approached the when the policemen stopped him.
D. Hardly had he approached the house when the policemen stopped him.
A. But for his parents' support, he wouldn't have been successful in his career.
B. If his parents hadn't supported him, he would have been successful in his career.
C. Had it not been for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career.
D. Had his parents supported him, he wouldn't be successful in his career.
A. He could not devote his life to the revolutionary cause because of his poverty.
B. Although he was poor, he led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause.
C. If he had not been so poor, he could have devoted his life to the revolutionary cause.
D. He led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause, but he was so poor.
A. Joining the sports club is not useful for me.
B. It is useful for me to join the sports club.
C. I used to join the sports club.
D. I never like joining the sports club.
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