`1.` have been

`-` for many years `-` HTHT

`2.` took up 

+ `3.` was

`-` When + S + V2/ed + O, S + V2/ed + O

`->` Diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra song song hoặc liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ

`-` take up sth/doing sth : bắt đầu việc gì/ làm gì

`4.` have tried

`-` The first time + S + has/have + V3/ed + O

`-` try to do sth : cố gắng làm gì

`5.` slipped

`6.` broken

`-` Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ `-` QKĐ

`7.` haven't had

`-` since then `-` HTHT

`8.` tried

`-` last year `-` QKĐ

`9.` have slipped

`10.` have not broken

`-` since then `-` HTHT
`11.` took

`-` two years ago `-` QKĐ

`12.` didn't `-` found 

`13.` haven't played

`-` yet `-` HTHT

`______________________________`

`***` QKĐ:

`+` Tobe:
`(+)` S + was/were + N/adj

`(-)` S + was/were + not + N/adj

`(?)` Was/were + S + N/adj?

`*` I/ he / she / it / DTSI + was

`*` you / we / they / DTSN + were

`+` Verb:
`(+)` S + V2/ed + O
`(-)` S  + didn't +  V_inf + O

`(?)` Did + S +  V_inf + O?
`-` DHNB: last + week/month/... , yesterday, ago , ...

`***` HTHT: 

`(+)` S + has/have + V3/ed + O

`(-)` S + has/have + not + V3/ed + O

`(?)` Has/Have + S + V3/ed + O?

thì quá khứ đơn :

Động từ tobe ( trước ) 

Động từ thường ( sau ) 

       _ S + was / were + N/adj 

       _  S + was / were + not + N/adj 

       _ Was / Were + S + N/adj ? 

`=>` động từ tobe 

     _ S + Ved/Vqkđ 

     _ S + didn't + Vo 

     _ Did + S + Vo ? 

`=>` động từ thường 

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành 

( + ) S + have / has + PII 

(  - ) S + have / has + not + PII

( ? ) Have / Has + S + PII ? 

_  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

`1` . have been 

`2` . took up 

`3` . was 

`4` . have tried 

`5` . slipped 

`6` . broken 

`7` . haven't had 

`8` . tried 

`9` . have slipped 

`10` . have not broken 

`11` . took 

`12` . didn't - found 

`13` . haven't played 

@vibimaibeng .