Công thức thì HTHT

(+) S + has/have + V3/ed 

(-) S + has/have + not + V3/ed 

(?) Has/Have + S+ V3/ed?

DHNB: before, since + mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian, yet, already, just,....

Công thức thì QKĐ (V: to be)

(+) S + was/were + ... 

(-) S + was/were + not ... 

(?) Was/Were + S ... ? 

S số ít, I, he, she, it + was

S số nhiều, you, we ,they + were

-------------------------------------------------

Công thức thì QKTD 

(+) S + was/were + Ving 

(-) S + was/were+ not + Ving 

(?) Was/Were +S +Ving? 

--> Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ 

--> Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác chen vào (while / when)

DHNB: at + giờ + thời gian trong QK, at this time + thời gian trong QK, ...

Công thức thì QKĐ (V: thường)

(+) S + V2/ed 

(-) S + didn't + V1 

(?) Did + S+ V1?

DHNB: ago, last (year, month ...), yesterday, in + năm QK, ...

-------------------------------------------------

EX5: 

1. have never watched

DHNB: never (HTHT)

2. watched

DHNB: last night (QKD)

3. has read

DHNB: before (HTHT)

4. read

DHNB: my last vacation (QKD)

5. had

DHNB: last week (QKD)

6. have had

DHNB: since (HTHT)

7. haven't seen / saw 

DHNB: for a long time (HTHT), ago (QKD)

8. has rung

9. met / has become 

DHNB: last night (QKD)

10. hasn't drunk

DHNB: since this morning (HTHT)

V)

1. arrived / was still sleeping 

2. went / were having 

3. was having / stopped 

4. were crossing/saw 

5. saw / was standing 

6. was reading / was learning / was doing 

7. were playing / came 

8. rang / was taking 

9. was / worked 

10. was sitting / saw 

IV)

1. have seen

DHNB: before (HTHT)

2. saw 

DHNB: last year (QKD)

3. has never been 

DHNB: never (HTHT)

4. have read 

DHNB: before (HTHT)

5. did you do 

DHNB: yesterday (QKD)

6. Did you watch 

DHNB: last night (QKD)

7. was

DHNB: in 1980 (QKD)

8. has written 

DHNB: since last year (HTHT)

9. has taught / graduated

HTHT + since+QKD

10. have you learnt 

`color{orange}{~MiaMB~}`