`11`. The dishes had not been washed by my brother.

`12`. An international letter-writing contest had been won.

`13`. Tom won't invite John to the party.

`14`. They will never ask him.

`15`. Will the company employ a new secretary?

`16`. The meal is going to be cooked by Mom.

`17`. Her son is going to be picked up by Linda after work.

`18`. Are the desks going to be fixed by Mr. Hung this evening?

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`@` Câu bị động quá khứ hoàn thành :

`-` Khẳng định : S + had + been + P2 ( by O ).

`-` Phủ định : S + had + not + been + P2 ( by O ).

`-` Nghi vấn : Had + S + been + P2 ( by O )?

`@` Câu bị động : S + to be + Vpp ( + by S / sth )

CHÚC BẠN HỌC TỐT!~ 

11 The dishes had not been washed by my brother.

- Bị động quá khứ hoàn thành : S + had (not) + been + PII + (by O)

12 An international letter-writing contest had been won (by me).

- Chủ thể của hành động là các đại từ nhân xưng : I, you, we, they, she, he, it thì khi chuyển câu bị động không nhất thiết thêm by O

13 Tom won't invite John to the party.

- Bị động tương lai đơn : S + will not/ won't + be + PII + (by O)

-> Chủ động : S + will not/ won't + V-inf + O

14 They will never ask him.

- he (chủ ngữ) -> him (tân ngữ)

15 Will the company will employ a new secretary?

- (?) Will + S + V-inf?

16 The meal is going to be cooked by mom.

- Bị động tương lai gần : S + am/is/are + going to + PII + (by O)

17 Linda's son is going to be picked by her after work.

18 Are the desks going to be fixed by Mr. Hung this evening?

- by O đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian, sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn