$\text{1. They haven’t visited me for five years}$

- S + last + V2/ed + thời gian + ago = S + have/has + not + Vpp + for + thời gian

$\text{2. She has learnt English for ten years }$

- S + began/started + Ving + thời gian + ago = S + have/has + Vpp + for + thời gian

$\text{3. I haven’t been to Prague since 1986}$

- The last time + S + Verb(ed/PI) +…+ was + mốc thời gian

= S + have/ has + not + Verb(PII)+…+ since+ mốc thời gian

$\text{4. By the time I got a good mark, I had reviewed all my lesson carefully }$

- By the time + S1 + V1 (quá khứ đơn), S2 + V2 (quá khứ hoàn thành)

- Thì QKHT : S + had + Vpp

$\text{5. After I had finished my report,  I went camping with my friend }$

- After + QKHT , QKĐ

$#Thương$

`6.` They haven't visited me for five years.

`-` S + last + V2/V-ed + ... + time + ago

`->` S + haven't/hasn't + VpII + ... + for + time

`7.` She has learnt English for ten years.

`-` S + started/began + to V/V-ing + ... + time + ago

`->` S + have/has + VpII + ... + for + time

`8.` I haven't been in Prague since 1986.

`-` The last time + S + V2/V-ed + ... + was + time + ago/ in + time

`->` S + haven't/hasn't + VpII + ... + for + time/since + time

`9.` By the time I got a good mark, I had reviewed all my lesson carefully.

- By the time + S + V2/V-ed + ...,S + had + VpII + ....

`10.` After I had finished my report,  I went camping with my friend. 

- After + S + had + VpII + ...,S + V2/V-ed + ....