`1` She has driven for one month

`2` We have eaten since it started to rain

`->` S + have/ has + PII ......... (for + khoảng thời gian | since + Quá khứ đơn/ mốc thời gian)

`=` S + started/began  + Ving/to V 

`3` How long have you had it ?

`->` Thì hiện tại hoàn thành :

`(?)` (Wh-q) + have + S + PII ?

`4` He hasn't gone a board before

`->` This is the first time + S + Ved/cột 2

`=` S + have/has + not + PII ....... before

`#``Ka``ch``i``n`

`1` She has driven for one month 

`=>` S + started to - V / Ving + time + ago 

`=` S + has / have + Vpp + for +  time 

`2` We have eaten since it started to rain 

`=>` S + began to - V / Ving + when + time 

`=` S + has / have + Vpp + since+  time 

`3`  How long have you had it ? 

`=>` When did + S + V + O ? 

`=` How long has / have + S + Vpp + O ?  `4` He hasn't gone a board before 

`=>` This + is the first time + S + Ved / V2 + O

`=` S + has / have + not + Vpp + before