` 1 ` : Công thức thì HTHT : 

` -> ` ( + ) : S + have / has + VPII

` -> ` ( - ) : S + haven't / hasn't + VPII

` -> ` ( ? ) : Have / has + VPII

` -> ` 1 số Cấu trúc khác : S + have / has + VPII + for + 1 khoảng Thời gian

` -> ` VD : i haven't seen her for a long time

` -> ` S + have / has + VPII + since + 1 mốc TG / QKĐ

` -> ` VD : She has bought this house since 1986

` -> ` DHNB thì HTHT : 

` -> `since + 1 mốc TG / QKĐ

` -> `for + 1 khoảng TG

` -> `yet

` -> `already

` -> ` recently 

` -> ` Công thức thì HTTD 

` -> ` S + be + V-ing 

` -> ` S + be not + V-ing

` -> `be + S + V-ing ?

`  -> `  DHNB : now , at the moment , at present , look ! , listen ! , ...

` -> `  VD : i am having my breakfast now

Thì hiện tại đơn : 

`(+)` S + V(s/es) + ...

`(-)` S + don't/doesn't + ...

`(?)` Do/Does + S + V + .... ?

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn : 

`(+)` S + be(am/is/are) + V_ing + ...

`(-)` S + be(am/is/are) + not + V_ing + ...

`(?)` Be( am/is/are) + S + V_ing  + .. ?