Viết bài

    The Earth's surface, sea, and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this increases their temperature. Warm air containing water evaporated from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches an altitude where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the surface of the Earth, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of condensing water amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, hurricane and anti-storm s. Sunlight is absorbed by the oceans and landmasses keeping the surface at an average temperature of 14°C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and biomass from fossil fuels.

      The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (sun exposure) above the atmosphere.About 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mainly spread over the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small role in the near-ultraviolet