Children are not the face of this pandemic, but they risk being among its biggest victims. While they have thankfully been largely spared from the direct health effects of COVID-19 - at least to date the crisis is having a profound effect on their wellbeing. All children, of all ages, and in all countries, are being affected, in particular by the socio-economic impacts and, in some cases, by mitigation measures that may inadvertently do more harm than good. This is a universal crisis and, for some children, the impact will be lifelong. Moreover, the harmful effects of this pandemic will not be distributed equally. They are expected to be most damaging for children in the poorest countries, and in the poorest neighborhoods, and for those in already disadvantaged or vulnerable situations. There are three main channels through which children are affected by this crisis: infection with the virus itself; the immediate socioeconomic impacts of measures to stop transmission of the virus and end the pandemic; and the potential longer-term effects of delayed implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. All of this is affecting children in multiple ways. An estimated 42-66 million children could fall into extreme poverty as a result of the crisis this year, adding to the estimated 386 million children already in extreme poverty in 2019. 188 countries have imposed countrywide school closures, affecting more than 1.5 billion children and youth. The potential losses that may accrue in learning for todays young generation, and for the development of their human capital, are hard to fathom. More than two-thirds of countries have introduced a national distance learning platform, but among low-income countries the share is only 30 percent. Before this crisis, almost one-third of the worlds young people were already digitally excluded. Lockdowns and shelter in place measures come with a heightened risk of children witnessing or suffering violence and abuse. Children in conflict settings, as well as those living in unsanitary and crowded conditions such as refugee and IDP settlements, are also at considerable risk. Childrens reliance on online platforms for distance learning has also increased their risk of exposure to inappropriate content and online predators. Question 39: Which of the following could be the most suitable title of the passage? A. Protecting children from COVID-19 B. The impact of COVID-19 on children C. What do children do in the COVID-19 pandemic? D. Are children affected by COVID-19-controlling measures? Question 40: The word they in the first paragraph refers to ____________. A. children B. measures C. harmful effects D. countries Question 41: The word channels in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ___________. A. ways B. programs C. factors D. steps Question 42: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. All children, of all ages, and in all countries, are being affected equally by the pandemic. B. The measures to stop the spread of the virus and control the pandemic are not harmful to children. C. The pandemic could put millions of children into extreme poverty this year. D. Only one third developed countries have introduced distance learning in the pandemic. Question 43: The word fathom in paragraph 4 most probably means _________. A. solve B. prove C. recover D. understand Question 44: It can be inferred from the last paragraph that in the pandemic_______________. A. children may be unsafe even in their houses. B. children have more risks than adults. C. the number of violent cases is increasing. D. most children dont want to learn online. Question 45: According to the passage, the following are the impacts of the pandemic on children, EXCEPT _____________. A. falling into poverty B. exacerbating the learning crisis C. risks for child safety D. threats to child survival and health