1, What a pity! The huge earthquake stuck the city in 1995.

→ We wish the city had been stuck by the huge earthquake in 1995.

      → Câu ước ở quá khứ (Quá khứ: "stuck" + "in 1995")(Lùi xuống thì quá khứ hoàn thành) + Bị động ( the city )

2, "I must finish my homework before 5'clock" she said.

→ She said that she had to finish her homework before 5'clock.

      → Câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ( must → had to )

3, Though he has been absent frequently, he has tried to pass the exam.

→ In spite of having been absent frequently, he has tried to pass the exam.

→ Hoặc  In spite of the fact that he has been absent frequently, he has tried to pass the exam.

      → In spite of/Despite + noun/Ving, mệnh đề ( Ving chỉ khi cùng chủ ngữ ở 2 vế câu)

      → In spite of/Despite + the fact that + mệnh đề, mệnh đề

4, Do you know the boy? He's standing by the window ( use "who")

→ Do you know the boy who is standing by the window.

      → Mệnh đề quan hệ chủ ngữ.