Chuyển từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành tổng hợp toàn bộ kiến thức về cách chuyển đổi kèm theo một số bài tập có đáp án giải chi tiết.

Chuyển đổi từ Hiện tại hoàn thành sang Quá khứ đơn và ngược lại là một trong những kiến thức cơ bản trong chương trình ngữ pháp tiếng Anh hiện hành và thường xuất hiện trong các bài kiểm tra, bài thi. Tuy nhiên rất nhiều em học sinh không biết cách làm dạng bài tập này như thế nào? Vì vậy mời các bạn cùng theo dõi bài học dưới đây để nắm được kiến thức cơ bản về cách chuyển nhé. Từ đó biết cách vận dụng kiến thức vào giải các bài tập tiếng Anh ngày một tốt, dễ dàng hơn. Ngoài ra các bạn xem thêm kiến thức bài tập về các thì trong tiếng Anh, 12 thì trong tiếng Anh.

Công thức chuyển từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành

1. Dạng 1

Quá khứ đơn: S + V2 + thời gian + ago

Hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/has + V3 + for + thời gian

E.g.: I started learning English 10 years ago. (Tôi bắt đầu học tiếng Anh cách đây 10 năm.)

I have learnt English for 10 years. (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh được 10 năm.)

2. Dạng 2

Quá khứ đơn: It’s + thời gian ….+ since …+ last + V2

S + last + V2 + time + ago

The last time + S + V-ed + was + time + ago

Hiện tại hoàn thành: S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3 + for + thời gian

E.g.: It’s 3 years since the last time I went back to my hometown. (Đã 3 năm rồi kể từ lần cuối tôi về quê.)

I last went back to my hometown 3 years ago.

The last time I went back to my hometown was 3 years ago.

⇒ I have not gone back to my hometown for 3 years. (Tôi đã không về quê được 3 năm rồi.)

3. Dạng 3

Quá khứ đơn: When did + S + V-infinitive?

When was the last time + S + V2?

Hiện tại hoàn thành: How long + have/has (not) + S + V3?

E.g.: When did you start learning English? (Bạn bắt đầu học tiếng Anh từ khi nào?)

⇒ How long have you learnt English? (Bạn đã học tiếng Anh được bao lâu?)

When was the last time you saw him? (Lần cuối bạn gặp anh ta là khi nào?)

⇒ How long have you not seen him? (Bạn đã không gặp anh ta trong bao lâu rồi?)

Dạng này có các mẫu sau đây:

1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta)

=>I have never seen him before. (tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây)

Mẫu này có dạng:

Đây là lần đầu tiên ... làm chuyện đó

=> ...chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đó trước đây.

The first time: lần đầu tiên

Never ...before : chưa bao giờ trước đây

2. I started / begun studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm)

=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( tôi học TA được 3 năm )

Mẫu này có dạng:

...bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian

=> .. đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian

Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since thôi

3. I last saw him when I was a student. (lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là SV)

=> I haven't seen him since I was a student. (tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là SV)

Mẫu này có dạng:

Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi ....

=> ..không làm chuyện đó từ khi ....

Last : lần cuối

Since : từ khi

4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago. (lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm)

=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay)

Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi

5. It's ten years since I last met him. (đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối)

=> I haven't met him for ten years. (tôi đã không gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi)

Mẫu này có dạng:

Đã ..khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối

=> ..không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian

6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nó khi nào ?

=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu ? )

Mẫu này có dạng:

when: thì dùng quá khứ đơn

How long: thì dùng hiện tại hoàn thành

Bài tập chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn

Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa

1) This is the first time he went abroad.

=> He hasn't...........................................................

2) She started driving 1 month ago.

=> She has...........................................................

3) We began eating when it started to rain.

=> We have............................................................

4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.

=> I haven't...........................................................

5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.

=> She hasn't........................................................

6) It is a long time since we last met.

=> We haven't........................................................

7) When did you have it?

=> How long ..........................................................

8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .

=> I haven't............................................................

9) I haven't seen him for 8 days.

=> The last ............................................................

10) I haven't taken a bath since Monday.

=> It is .....................................................................

11) Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997

Samuel has ___________________________________

12)We started learning English five years ago.

We have ___________________________________

13) I began living in Ho Chi Minh City when I was 8.

I have ___________________________________

14) She has taught the children in this remote village for five months

She started ___________________________________

15) He has written to me since April.

The last time __________________________________

16) She hasn’t had a swim for five years

She last __________________________________

17) They last talked to each other two months ago

They haven’t __________________________________

18) The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999

She hasn’t __________________________________

19) She hasn’t written to me for years

It’s years __________________________________

20) Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years

It’s ten years __________________________________

ĐÁP ÁN

1. He hasn’t never gone abroad before.

2. She has driven for 1 month.

3. We have eaten since it started raining.

4. I haven’t cut my hair since I left her.

5. She has kissed me for 5 months.

6. We haven’t met (each other) for a long time.

7. How long have you had it?

8. I haven’t never eaten such a delicious meal before.

9. The last time I saw him was 8 days.

10. It is …. days since I last to

11. Samuel has kept a diary since 1997.

12. We have learned English for five years

13. I have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since I was 8.

14. She started to teach the children in this remote village five months ago.

15. The last time he wrote to me was in April.

16. She last had a swim was five years ago

17. They haven’t talked to each other for two months.

18. She hasn’t seen her elder sister since 1999

19. It’s years since she wrote to me.

20. It’s ten years since Robert and Catherine were married.

Bài II. Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn

1) The police.........two people early this morning. (to arrest)

2) She.........to Japan but now she.........back. (to go - to come)

3) Dan.........two tablets this year. (already/to buy)

4) How many games.........so far this season? (your team/to win)

5).........the CN Tower when you.........in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)

6).........your homework yet? – Yes, I.........it an hour ago. (you/to do - to finish)

7) There.........an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be)

8) I.........Peter since I.........last Tuesday. (not/to see - to arrive)

9) Frank.........his bike last May. So he.........it for 4 months. (to get - to have)

10) I'm sorry, I.........earlier, but I.........a lot lately. (not/to write - to work)

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài III. Circle the mistake and then correct it

1. Frank has done(A) his homework and then listened(B) to music.

2. The children have put(A) away their toys but they didn’t make(B) their beds yet.

3. Jim learned(A) a lot since he started(B) the language course.

4. Helen has finished(A) her lunch and she went(B) out to play.

5. They haven’t seen(A) each other since September when they have met(B) at Mary's party.

6. Peter has bought(A) a new MP3 player yesterday but I haven’t seen(B) it yet.

7. The hockey player hit(A) his head on Friday and he was(B) in hospital since then.

Đáp án

Bài IV. Rewrite the sentences using the words given

1. Dorothy has just watered the flowers. (two minutes ago)

_______________________________________________

2. We didn’t get ready for the party. (yet)

_______________________________________________

3. She has already done the washing up. (an hour ago)

_______________________________________________

4. Have you ever visited an orphanage? (last year)

_______________________________________________

5. Uncle Tom to

_______________________________________________

6. Haven't you put on your jacket yet? (in the morning)

_______________________________________________

7. Susan didn't spend her summer in Italy last year. (never)​

_______________________________________________

8. The children didn't return back from the school. (yet)

_______________________________________________

ĐÁP ÁN

1. Dorothy watered the flowers two minutes ago

2. We haven’t get ready for the party yet

3. She finished washing up an hour ago

4. Did you visit an orphanage last year?

5. Uncle Tom has already take me to the school

6. Didn't you put your jacket in the morning?

7. Susan has never spent her summer in Italy

8. The children haven't return from the school yet.

Bài V/ Put in the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets.

1. Martin (be) to Greek five times. He loves the place.

2. I (work) for a computer company for a year. That was after college.

3. We (move) here in 1993. We (be) here a long time now.

4. It isn’t a very good party. Most people (already/ go) home.

5. It was so hot today that I (wear) shorts and a T-shirt at work.

6. My wife and I (move) three times since we (get) married.

7. So far this week there (be) three burglaries in our street.

8. When I was younger I (play) badminton for my local team.

9. In the past few years, it (become) more and more difficult to get into university.

10. I (enjoy) skiing ever since I (live) in Switzerland.

11. I (not see) ________ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ________ us since July.

Đáp án

1. Martin has been (be) to Greek five times. He loves the place.

2. I worked (work) for a computer company for a year. That was after college.

3. We moved (move) here in 1993. We have been (be) here a long time now.

4. It isn’t a very good party. Most people have already gone (already/ go) home.

5. It was so hot today that I wore (wear) shorts and a T-shirt at work.

6. My wife and I have moved (move) three times since we got (get) married.

7. So far this week there have been (be) three burglaries in our street.

8. When I was younger I played (play) badminton for my local team.

9. In the past few years, it has become (become) more and more difficult to get into university.

10. I have enjoyed (enjoy) skiing ever since I lived (live) in Switzerland.

11. I (not see) ___haven’t seen_____ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ____hasn’t visit____ us since July.