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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.

Smart cards and mobile phones are becoming an increasingly popular way to make all sorts of payments. Even now, in Japan thousands of transactions, from paying rail tickets to picking up the groceries, take place every day with customers passing their handsets across a small flat-screen device. And predictions in the world of finance reckon that payments using mobile phones will have risen to more than $50 billion in the very near future.

What's the appeal of e-cash? Compared to cheques or credit cards, it offers the speed of cash, but more so. It takes just one tenth of a second to complete most transactions and as no change is required, errors in counting are eliminated. Fraud and theft are also reduced and for the retailer, it reduces the cost of handling money. Sony's vision of having a chip embedded in computers, TVs and games consoles means that films, music and games can be paid for easily without having to input credit card details.
And what about the future of the banks? Within their grip on the market, banks and credit-card firms want to be in a position to collect most of the fees from the users of mobile and contactless-payment systems. But the new system could prove to be a "disruptive technology" as far as the banks are concerned. If payments for a few coffees, a train ticket and a newspaper are made every day by a commuter with a mobile, this will not appear on their monthly credit card statements but on their mobile phone statements. And having spent fortunes on branding, credit-card companies and banks do not want to see other payment systems gaining popularity. It's too early to say whether banks will miss out and if so, by how much. However, quite a few American bankers are optimistic. They feel there is reason to be suspicious of those who predict that high-street banks may be a thing of the past. They point out that Internet banking did not result in the closure of their high-street branches as was predicted. On the contrary, more Americans than ever are using local branches. So, whether we'll become a totally cash-free society remains open to contention.

Question 1: What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. The absence of traditional payment methods.

B. The increasing popularity of new payment methods.

C. Predictions of future payment methods.

D. Japan's advanced forms of payment.

Question 2: Why does the author mention "a small flat-screen device" in the first paragraph?

A. to criticize the e-cash system C. to praise the e-cash system

B. to exemplify the e-cash system D. to inform the e-cash system

Question 3: Which of the following is NOT true about the strong point of e-cash?

A. faster speed B. fewer mistakes C. reduced cost D. no fraud

Question 4: The word "embedded” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

A. integrated B. isolated C generated D. manufactured

Question 5: The word "grip" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

A. wealth B. power C. success D. range of branches

Question 6: The author mentions the case of commuters in the third paragraph to illustrate ________.

A. the modern technology of the e-cash system

C. the transferability of the system

B. the banks' cooperation with credit-card companies

D. a possible drawback of the system

Question 7: The word "their” in the third paragraph refers to ________.

A. credit cards B. Internet banking C. American bankers D. high-street hanks

Question 8: How does the writer seem to feel about the future of banks?

A. uncertain B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. neutral

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 11: Our teacher arrived after we _______ for him for ten minutes.

A. was waiting B. have waited C. had waited D. waited

Question 12: Never before ______ as rapidly as during the last decades.

A. technology is developing C. technology has developed

B. has technology developed D. has developed technology

Question 13: He had already learned the news. I ______the trouble to phone him about it.

A. should have taken C. could have taken

B. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken

Question 14: The top shelf in the cupboard is too high for me______.

A. to reach B. reaching C. to reaching D. for reaching

Question 15: The headmaster wanted to know______ the information for the article.

A. where you get C. where did you get

B. where will you get D. where you had gotten

Question 16: Let’s go for a ride, ______?

A. are B. do we C. haven’t we D. shall we

Question 17: It is a tradition to put______ on a Christmas tree so the tree is very bright and beautiful.

A. decorations B. presents C. flowers D. colors

Question 18: Cultural diversity supports the idea that every person can______ a unique and positive contribution to the larger society because of, rather than in spite of, their differences.

A. take B. make C. lead D. pay

Question 19: His brother refuses to even listen to anyone else’s point of view. He is very ______.

A. open-minded C. kind-hearted

B. absent-minded D. narrow-minded

Question 20: Since drinking water is a ______ resource, we should let children know how precious it is, and teach them to conserve it.

A. limitless B. limiting C. limited D. limitation

Question 21: I can’t do whatever I want because I am still financially ______ on my parents.

A. determined B. dependable C. subject D. reliant

Question 22: John ______ his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.

A. threw out B. threw away C. threw off D. threw in

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 25: Jenifer and Susan are talking about a bo

- Jennifer: “ The bo

- Susan: “______”

Question 26: Peter: “My mother’s much better now.” - Kyle: “______”

A. Oh, I’m pleased to hear it C. Wonderful! Congratulations

B. Oh, really? The doctor must be very good D. Good news for you