Các công thức đổi HTHT - QKĐ

Structure 1: 

S + has/have + not + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + last + V2/ed 

--> The last time + S+ V2/ed + was + time 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ (last) + V2/ed 

Structure 2: 

S + has/have + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + started / began + to V / Ving 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ V2/ed 

Structure 3: 

S + has/have + not/never + V3/ed + ... before

--> This/It is the first time + S+ has/have+ V3/ed

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16. She hasn't seen her elder sister since 1999. 

17. It's years since she last wrote to me.

18. It's ten years since Robert and Catherine got married. 

19. The last time we jogged was in August. 

20. It's ages since I last played football.

21.

- It's three years since I last went to Ha Long.

- The last time I went to Ha Long was three years ago.

22. She last saw her mother when she left for Paris. 

23. 

- I haven't gone to Hanoi for four years.

- It's four years since I last went to Hanoi.

24. I haven't seen her since she returned to her hometown.

25. It's the first time she has spoken Japanese. 

26. She has never driven a car before.

27.

- I last heard from him in July.

- The last time I heard from him was in July. 

28. My aunt began teaching English 40 years ago. 

29. Before I went to school, I had gone over my lesson. 

Before + QKD, QKHT

30. After he had done all his exercises, he watched TV.

After + QKHT, QKD

31. After I had had a cup of coffee, I came to class.

32. it's years since I last stayed in a hotel.

33. This is the first time I have read such a good book.

34. She has learned English for ten years.

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