Công thức thì QKĐ (V: thường)

(+) S + V2/ed 

(-) S + didn't + V1 

(?) Did + S+ V1?

DHNB: ago, last (year, month ...), yesterday, in + năm QK, ...

Công thức thì HTHT

(+) S + has/have + V3/ed 

(-) S + has/have + not + V3/ed 

(?) Has/Have + S+ V3/ed?

DHNB: before, since + mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian, yet, already, just,....

Công thức thì QKHT

(+) S + had+ V3/ed 

(-) S + had + not + V3/ed 

(?) Had + S+ V3/ed?

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1. was built 

DHNB: last year (QKD)

S + was/were + V3/ed (thì QKĐ - bị động)

2. did / was done

DHNB: last week (QKD)

3. have been

DHNB: for two hours (HTHT)

4. has never read

DHNB: never, for a long time (HTHT)

5. saw

DHNB: yesterday (QKD)

6. have lived

DHNB: since 2010 (HTHT)

7. has written

8. didn't have

DHNB: last year (QKD)

9. would you do 

If loại 2: If + QKD, S + would/could + V1 

10. had completed

After + QKHT, QKD

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