`A`

`1.` She has lived in Da Nang since she was a child.

`2.` My brother started working as a bus- driver `5` years ago.

`3.` Mary has played the piano for `4` years.

`4.` My father has read a newspaper for `2` hours.

`@` Giải thích cấu trúc của `4` câu trên:

`-` S `+` began/started `+` V-ing/to-V `+` in/at/when ... `/`ago `+` ...

`->` Ai đó bắt đầu làm việc gì ...

`=` S `+` have/has + Ved/C3 `/` have/has + been + V-ing `+` since/for 

`->` Ai đó làm việc gì được bao lâu ...

 `-` Cấu trúc Since (Kể từ khi): S `+` V(HTHT) `+` since `+` S `+` V(QKĐ)

`----------------`

`5.` Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in `1928.`

`6.` That book was bought by Tom yesterday.

`7.` Was this tractor bought last year`?`

`@` Cấu trúc câu bị động thì QKĐ:

`(+)` S `+` was/were `+` PII `+` (by O)

`(-)` S `+` was/were `+` not `+` PII `+` (by O)

`(?)` Was/Were `+` S `+` PII `+` (by O) `?`

`@` Lưu ý: Trong câu chủ động với các chủ ngữ “I, They, We, somebody, someone,everybody, everyone,....” thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta bỏ By O.

`+` By O đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian và đứng sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn.

`1.` She has lived in Da Nang since she was a child.

`2.` My brother started working as a bus-driver `5` years ago.

`3.` Mary has played the piano for `4` years ago.

`4.` My father had read a newspaper for `2` hours ago.

`5.` Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in `1928`.

`6.` That book was bought by Tom yesterday.

`7.` Was this tractor bought last year?

--------------------------------

`+)` HTHT với since: S + has/have + V-ed/P2 + O + since + S + V-ed/P2 + O.

`+)` HTHT với for: S + has/have + V-ed/P2 + O + for + khoảng thời gian.

`+)` work as + job: làm nghề gì

`+)` Bị động QKĐ:

`->` S + was/were + V-ed/P2 + (by O)                `(+)`

`->` S + wasn't/weren't + V-ed/P2 + (by O)        `(-)`

`->` Was/Were + S + V-ed/P2 + (by O)?             `(?)`

`+)` Với các danh từ không xác định, ta bỏ (by O).

___________________________

`@yt2704`