`1.` We spent our holiday in Scotland, which is in the north of Great Britain.

`2.` People who live in Scotland are called Scots.

`3.` We first went to Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland.

`4.` Hans, whose mother tongue is German, comes from Zurich.

`5.` John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.

`6.` This matter, which is of great importance, should be paid attention to.

`7.` The woman who lives next door to me is the one you gave place to on the bus.

`8.` That hotel, which is near the beach, is the most expensive.

`9.` This is the student whose pen I borrowed two days ago.

`10.` We spoke to two of your representatives, both of whom refused to comment.

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*Đại từ quan hệ trong mênh đề quan hệ:

`-` who: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thé cho danh từ chỉ người.

`-` whom: có thể làm tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, nhưng whom thì thường dùng trong lối văn trang trọng.

`-` which: được dùng làm tân ngữ hoặc chủ ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, đồ vật, sự việc.

`-` that: được dùng thay thế cho cả danh từ chỉ người và danh từ chỉ vật, that có thể thay cho who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

`-` whose: dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ sự sở hữu của vật hay người đứng trước.

1. We spent our holiday in Scotland, which is in the north of Great Britain

2. People who live in Scotland are called Scots

3. We first went to Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland

4. Hans, whose mother tongue is German, comes from Zurich

5. John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain

6. This matter, which is of great importance, should be paid attention to

7. The woman who lives next door to me is the one you gave place to on the bus

8. That hotel, which is near the beach, is the most expensive

9. This is the student whose pen I borrowed two days ago

10.  We spoke to two of your representatives, both of whom refused to comment

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`@` ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

-> N + which + V + O: thay thế vật

-> S + who + V + O: thay thế người

-> S + whose + N + V + O: thay thế cho chủ sở hữu của vật

-> S + V + whom + (S) + V + O: thay thế cho tân ngữ