`1` We have lived here since 2012.

`-` S + started/began + to V/V-ing + in + năm: ai đã bắt đầu làm gì vào năm ...

`=` S + has/have + PII + since + năm: ai đã làm gì từ năm ...

`2` Because Mary was sick, she didn't go to school yesterday.

`-` Because + S + V `=` Because of + N/V-ing `->` vì ...

`-` yesterday `=>` QKĐ: S + was/were + ...

`=>` "her sickness" (TTSH + N) `->` "Mary was sick" (S + V)

`3` Because I am tired, I can't go to school today.

`-` because + clause: vì ...

`->` Vì tôi mệt nên hôm nay không thể đi học.

`4` No student in the class is more intelligent than she is.

`-` Động từ/Trợ động từ sau danh từ được so sánh ở cuối có thể lược bỏ. 

`-` So sánh hơn với adj dài: S + be + more + adj (dài) + than + Noun/Pronoun

`5` My sister can swim well but she can't play badminton.

`-` but: nhưng `->` chỉ sự đối lập

`->` Chị tôi có thể bơi tốt nhưng không biết chơi cầu lông.

`6` She loves French food so Hanh goes to that French restaurant every week.

`-` so + clause: vì vậy ....

`->` Cô ấy thích đồ ăn Pháp nên Hạnh đến nhà hàng Pháp đó hàng tuần.

`7` Although he was tired last night, he stayed up late to watch a football match.

`-` Although + clause, clause: mặc dù ..., ...

`->` Mặc dù tối qua anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn thức khuya để xem một trận bóng đá.

`8` I don't like this TV programme because it's so boring.

`-` because + clause: vì ...

`->` Tôi không thích chương trình TV này vì nó nhàm chán.

`9` My mum went to Hue last month and so did his mum.

`-` Thể hiện sự đồng tình ở câu khẳng định: so + aux + S/S + aux + too

`-` QKĐ `=>` trợ động từ là "did"

`10` That book is not as expensive as this one.

`-` as + adj/adv + as `->` so sánh ngang bằng

`->` Cuốn sách kia không đắt như cuốn này.

`11` When did you start playing soccer?

`-` How long + has/have + S + PII?: ai đã làm gì bao lâu?

`=` When + did + S + start/begin + to V/V-ing?: ai đã bắt đầu làm gì từ khi nào?

`12` Peter is fond of listening to music.

`-` be fond of doing sth: đam mê làm gì

`13` She enjoys raising money for the poor.

`-` enjoy doing sth: yêu thích làm gì

`14` He was tired so he went to bed early.

`-` Because + clause (chỉ nguyên nhân), clause (chỉ kết quả): vì ..., ...

`=` Clause (chỉ nguyên nhân), + so + clause (chỉ kết quả): ... nên ...

`15` Ha Noi is not as large as Ho Chi Minh City.

`-` as + adj/adv + as `->` so sánh ngang bằng

`->` Hà Nội không lớn bằng thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.

1. We have lived here since 2012.

S + started / began + to V / Ving 

= S + has/have + V3/ed+ for/since + time 

2. Because Mary was sick, she didn't go to school yesterday.

Because + clause, clause: bởi vì 

S + be+ ADJ 

3. I can't go to school today because I am tired.

Clause+ because + clause: bởi vì 

4. No student in the class is more intelligent than her.

S + be+  more + long-adj + than + O : ss hơn 

5. My sister can swim well but she can't play badminton.

Clause+ but + clause: nhưng

6. Hanh loves French food so she goes to that French restaurant every week.

Clause + so + clause: vì vậy 

7. Although he was tired last night, he stayed up late to watch a football match.

Although + clause, clause: mặc dù

8. I don't like this TV programme because it's so boring.

Clause+ because + clause: bởi vì 

9. My mum and his mum went to Hue last month.

S1 and S2 + V2/ed: thì QKĐ

10. That book is cheaper than this one.

S + be + short-adj + er + than + O : ss hơn 

11. When did you play soccer?

How long + has/have + S + V3/ed?

= When + did + S+ V1? 

12. Peter is interested in listening to music.

be interested in + Ving: thích 

13. She enjoys raising money for the poor.

enjoy + Ving: thích 

14. He was tired, so he went to bed early.

Clause + so + clause: vì vậy 

15. Hanoi is smaller than Ho Chi Minh City.

S + be + short-adj + er + than + O : ss hơn 

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