`VIII`

`1.` An e-mail was sent to Izumi by Lucy.

`2.` Some flowers were given to Angela by Peter.

`3.` Beth's camera was lent to Harry (by her).

`4.` A letter was written to Harry's cousin (by him).

`5.` Lucy's new painting was shown to Sophie (by her).

`6.` Some biscuits were offered to Harry by Mrs Hardy.

`-----------------`

`-` Bị động thì QKĐ:

`(+)` S `+` was/were `+`  PII `+` (by O)

`(-)` S `+` was/were `+` not `+` PII `+` (by O)

`(?)` Were/Was `+` S `+` PII `+` (by O) `?`

`-` Cấu trúc câu bị động có `2` tân ngữ:

`+` $\textit{C1: S + be + Ved/C3 + O(gián tiếp)}$

`+` $\textit{C2: S + be + Ved/C3 + giới từ + O(trực tiếp)}$

`1.` Lucy sent an email to Izumi.

`-` send sth to sb `=` send sb sth: gửi cái gì cho ai đó

`2.` Peter gave some flowers to Angela.

`-` give sth to sb `=` give sb sth: đưa cho ai đó cái gì

`3.` Bend lent her camera to Harry.

`-` lend sth to sb `=` lend sb sth: cho ai đó mượn cái gì

`4.` Harry wrote a letter to his cousin.

`-` write sth to sb `=` write sb sth: viết (thư, v.v) cho ai đó

`5.` Lucy showed her new painting to Sophie.

`-` show sth to sb `=` show sb sth: cho ai đó xem cái gì

`6.` Mrs Handy offered some biscuits to Harry.

`-` offer sth to sb `=` offer sb sth: cho ai đó cái gì

`***` QKĐ `(+)`: S + Ved/c2