1. English has been studied since 2000.

S + has/have + been + V3/ed (bị động - thì HTHT)

2. Mina said that she was sad then.

S + said + (that) + S + V (lùi thì)

HTĐ --> QKĐ

now --> then

3. If you don't study hard, you will fail the test.

If loại 1: If + S + V1/s/es, S + will/can/shall + V1 

3.1. If Peter is tall, he can play basketball well.

If loại 1: If + S +am/is/are, S + will/can/shall + V1 

4. I haven't gone abroad for three months.

The last time + S + V2/ed + was + time 

--> S + has/have+ not + V3/ed + for/since + time

5. Although Linda got up early this morning. she missed the bus.

Although +clause, clause: mặc dù 

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