`11.` She has lived in Hanoi for 2 years.

`->` S + started/began + to V/V-ing + time + ago

`->` S + have/has + VpII + for + time

`12.` He has studied English since he was young

`->` S + started/began + to V/V-ing + when + S + V2

`->` S + have/has + VpII + since + S + V2

`13.` This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food

`->` S + have/has + never + VpII + before

`->` This is the first time + S + have/has + VpII + O

`14.` She is the most beautiful I have ever seen

`15.` I have never read such a good novel before

`->` S + have/has + never + VpII + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before

`->`  This is the + adj-est/most adj + N + S + have/has + ever + VpII

11. She has lived in Ha Noi for 2 years.

12. He has studied English since he was young.

13. This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.

14. She is the most beautiful girl I have seen.

15. I have never read such a good novel before.

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Cấu trúc chuyển đổi giữa HTHT và QKD:

- S + started/began + toV/Ving + time + ago

= S + have/has + VpII + for/since + time

- This is the first time + S + have/has + VpII = S + have/has + not/never + VpII + before

- The last time + S + V2/ed + was + time + ago

= It's + time + since + S + (last) + V2/ed

= S + last + V2/ed + time + ago

= S + have/has + not + VpII + for/since

- How long is it + since + S + (last) + V2/ed - How long have/has + S + VpII?

- S + have/has + never + VpII + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before

= This is the + so sánh nhất + N + S + have/has + VpII