6. Because the streets are crowded, there are always accidents at the rush hours. (due to) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Mrs Parker was really busy, so she couldn’t wash and iron her clothes. (because) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. The typhoon was terrible so the village was damaged badly. (causes) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9. Paul missed the first bus because he got up late. (because of) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Nick got a sunburn because of his two-day trip in the mountain. (leads to) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. V. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words: 1. When …………………………….… happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or oceans changes. 2. ……………………………….occurs when the atmosphere contains gases, dust, or fumes in harmful amounts. 3. When radiation goes into the land, air or water, it is called ……………………... 4. Too much use of electric lights in cities may cause …………………………. 5. ……………………. is the contamination of lakes, rivers, oceans, or groundwater, usually by human activities. 6. ……………………….. happens when human activities destroy the Earth’s surface. 7. …………………………… occurs because there are too many loud sounds in the environment. 8. The sight of too many telephone poles, advertising billboards, overhead power lines, or shop signs may cause ………………………… 9. The p……………………….. chemical waste is dumped into the river. 10. Do you know what p……………………….. cause air pollution? 11. The d……………………. fish are floating in the water. 12. Don’t drink that water. It’s c…………………………….. 13. The acid rain has caused d……………………….. to the trees in this area. 14. If we p…………………………… the air, more people will have breathing problems. VI. Translate into Vietnameses: 1. According to scientific research, tiny species may help clean radioactive pollution. - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Water quality has become a national problem. - …………………………………………………………………… 3. Many people have received medical treatment because of the disease. - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Chemical waste can cause water pollution. - …………………………………………………………………….. 5. The reduction in air pollution was dramatic last year. - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Combine each pair of sentences 1. People throw litter on the ground. Many animals eat the litter and become sick. (because) - …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. Many aquatic animals and plants die. (lead to) - …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Households dump waste into the river. It is polluted. (so) - …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Their children have birth defects. The parents were exposed to radiation. (since) - …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. We can’t see the stars at night. There is too much light pollution. (due to) - …………………………………………………………………………………………………… IX. Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type I 1. Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at school. → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Light pollution happens. Animals change their behaviour patterns. → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The levels of radioactive pollution decrease. We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources. → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The water temperature increases. Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduce. → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. People get more diseases. The water is contaminated. → ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1: 1. Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at school. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Light pollution happens. Animals change their behavior patterns. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The levels of radioactive pollution decrease. We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The water temperature increases. Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduce. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. People get more diseases. The water is contaminated. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… III. Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation, as in the example: 1. People throw rubbish in the street. The street doesn’t look attractive. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. There are many billboards in our city. People cannot enjoy the view. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. There is so much light in the city at night. We cannot see the stars clearly. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner. …………………………………………………………………………………………………