Body language is both the most fundamental form of expression used by human beings to communicate with one another, and at the same time a part of a highly sophisticated system of coded signals, in which bodily and facial movement play an important part as verbal communication. Body language reflects differences of gender as well as of class and nationality. Rules for the physical behavior of women are often different from those of men. Women are usually encouraged to look modestly downward, to walk with small steps, be less expressive in facial language than men and to eat smaller portions of food. Modern studies of body language are based on the belief that gesture is not a universal or natural language, but the product of social and cultural contexts. Even the most elementary aspects of physical behavior, such as the ways in which people eat, sleep, walk, or sit, seem to be culturally determined, and vary greatly from society to society. This includes both the signals used by people to communicate meaning non-verbally, and also physical reactions, such as blushing or crying. Some behaviors which have been represented as spontaneous or instinctive action expressing the emotions, are formalized to a specific code of meaning. They may become inappropriate or impolite in other places or cultures. Hugging and kissing another person, in a public place, may cause discomfort or even offence to a person unfamiliar with this custom. Cultural globalization occurs relatively rapidly in certain aspects such as fashion style, eating of ‘luxury’ food items. However, it tends to take place much more slowly on bodily and facial expression, which people take more time to accept and change.

A. Match the words/ phrases with their definitions.

Ghép (cụm) từ với định nghĩa tương ứng

1. fundamental A. basic

2. globalizatioG. becoming international issue

3. spontaneouE. not planned but done

4. reflectC. showing something 

5. blushinD. going red 

6. instinctive 7. sophisticated complicated 8. item  H. products

B. Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each question below Đọc bài và chọn đáp án đúng nhất A, B, C, hoặc D cho mỗi câu hỏi sau

1. Which is the most basic way of expression in communication?

A. Messages B. E-mails C. Body language D. Letters

2. What is important in body language?

A. Bodily and facial movement B. Gender C. Nationality D. Emotion

3. According to the text, which is NOT an example of physical behavior of women?

A. the way of walking B. facial expression C. eating manner D. greeting manner

4. Some of the most elementary aspects of physical behavior like eating or sleeping are ..... .

A. universal language B. different among cultures C. natural language D. the same among cultures

5. What is mentioned as an example of physical reaction?

A. Walking B. Singing C. Crying D. Hugging

6. Kissing and hugging in public seem to be ..... .

A. impolite in some cultures B. an important part of verbal communication C. facial expression D. physical reaction

Body language is both the most fundamental form of expression used by human beings to communicate with one another, and at the same time a part of a highly sophisticated system of coded signals, in which bodily and facial movement play an important part as verbal communication. Body language reflects differences of gender as well as of class and nationality. Rules for the physical behavior of women are often different from those of men. Women are usually encouraged to look modestly downward, to walk with small steps, be less expressive in facial language than men and to eat smaller portions of food. Modern studies of body language are based on the belief that gesture is not a universal or natural language, but the product of social and cultural contexts. Even the most elementary aspects of physical behavior, such as the ways in which people eat, sleep, walk, or sit, seem to be culturally determined, and vary greatly from society to society. This includes both the signals used by people to communicate meaning non-verbally, and also physical reactions, such as blushing or crying. Some behaviors which have been represented as spontaneous or instinctive action expressing the emotions, are formalized to a specific code of meaning. They may become inappropriate or impolite in other places or cultures. Hugging and kissing another person, in a public place, may cause discomfort or even offence to a person unfamiliar with this custom. Cultural globalization occurs relatively rapidly in certain aspects such as fashion style, eating of ‘luxury’ food items. However, it tends to take place much more slowly on bodily and facial expression, which people

1+A

2+G

3+E 

4+C

5+D

6,7,8, + H

1. Which is the most basic way of expression in communication?

A. Messages B. E-mails 

C. Body language 

D. Letters

2. What is important in body language?

A. Bodily and facial movement 

B. Gender

C. Nationality

D. Emotion