Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: She said ,” The exam is difficult”.
Ex: Hoa said,”I want to go home” -> Hoa said she wanted to go home. (indirect speech)
S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V |
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
a.Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/whether+S+V |
Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.
b.Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V. |
* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O
* said to + O -> asked + O.
Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-infinitive.
Ex: ”Please wait for me here, Mary.
”Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
*Phủ định: : S + told + O + not to-infinitive.
Ex: ”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us. –>The teacher told us not to talk in class.
Direct speech | Reported speech |
---|---|
Present simple | Past simple |
Present continuous | Past continuous |
Present perfect | Past perfect |
Past simple | Past perfect |
Present perfect continuous | Past perfect continuous |
Past continuous | Past perfect continuous |
will | would |
can | could |
must/ have to | had to |
may | might |
Direct speech | Reported speech | |
---|---|---|
Subject pronouns | I | he/ she |
You | I/ We/ They | |
We | We/ They | |
Object pronouns | me | him/ her |
you | me/ us/ them | |
us | us/ them | |
Possessive adjectives | my | his/ her |
your | my/ our/ their | |
our | our/ their | |
Possessive pronouns | mine | his/ hers |
yours | mine/ ours/ theirs | |
ours | ours/ theirs | |
Demonstratives | this | the/ that |
these | the/ those |
Direct speech | Reported speech |
---|---|
here | there |
now | then/ at that moment |
today/ tonight | that day/ that night |
tomorrow | the next day |
next week | the following week |
yesterday | the previous day the day before |
last week | the week before |
ago | before |
Cách chuyển:
Lấy động từ gần chủ từ nhất cho giảm xuống 1 cột.
VD
He is => He was
He goes => He went
He went => He had gone
He will be => He would be
Các trường hợp sau đây thì không giảm thì động từ:
*REPORTED SPEECH :Câu tường thuật ( kể lại một việc gì đó )
1. Commands: câu mệnh lệnh
EX: Nam said to Hoa :"Give me your book"
--> Nam asked Hoa to give him her book
Ta có công thức:
S + asked + O(not) + to -infinitive
Trong đó, O là tân ngữ. VD: him, us,me,her... Infinifive là nguyên thể ( giống với V_bare)
Ví dụ: My teacher said to me "Try your best to improve your pronunciation"
--> My teacher asked me to try my best to improve my pronunciation
2. Request: Câu cầu khiến
EX: Hoa said to Nam "Please don't borrow my book"
--> Hoa told Nam not to borrow her book
Ta có công thức:
S + told + O(not) + to -infinitive
Ví dụ: Miss Jackson said to me " Please wait for me outside my office"
--> Miss Jackson told me to wait for her outside her office
3. Advice : lời khuyên
EX: Hoa said "You should do your homework yourself, Nam"
-->Hoa said Nam should do his homework himself
Ta có công thức:
S1 + said + S2 + Should(not) + V_bare
Ví dụ: Mrs. Lan said to us " You should practice Speaking English everyday"
--> Mrs. Lan said we should practice speaking English everyday
Chúc bạn học tốt :))
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