II. READING 1: Read the passage carefully and circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions: Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away. What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing simple things. First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it. Second, we need to watch the amount of water used at home. It can be conserved by taking short showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth. If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted. 17. Pollution is caused from the following sources except . A. water in rivers B. water from households C. wastes D. house chemicals 18. The word “ It” in the second paragraph refers to…. A. pollution B. recycling C. repairing D. products 19. Recycling can help us . A. never cut down trees B. produce more paper products C. place garbage bins easily D. use products again and again 20. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except . A. fully use the washing machine B. repair leaky faucets C. take short showers instead of baths D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth 2. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 24 More than a billion people all over the world are under the threat of desert expansion, but few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and are also its (21).People cut down trees for fuel and farmland. Their herd eat up the grass covering valley floors and hillsides. The climate and soil quality, therefore, are (22). and forests are turned into deserts. In some places, many people had to leave their homes when their wells became dry and sand buried their houses and crops. Therefore, government in nearby area shave had local people plant trees and banned burning firewood for fuel. Many techniques have been (23) For example, in Iran, a thin covering of oil was poured on sandy areas to retain water for planting trees, but this method may harm the environment. Other countries built long canals or pipelines (to carry water to desert areas. Unless people find more (24) .methods, their homes and land will be lost. The last against the desert is continuing. 21. A. victims B. enemies C. friends D. effects 22. A. affect B. affected C. affecting D. affection 23. A. using B. use C. used D. uses 24. A. great B. effective C. major D. useful