1. The instructor warned the sportman not to repeat that mistake.

2. The assistant told me to leave my address with the secretary.

3. The manager told the client to phone him for an answer the following day.

4. Mr John told his wife not to be so silly.

5. Tom told the girl when she had had that picture taken.

6. Tom suggest going somewhere for a cup of coffee after class.

7. Tom suggest Mary that she should wear her hair a little longer.

8. An asked her brother what he was planning to do the following day.

9. She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father fought in the last war.

10. He told me he didn't understand why she has refused to join them on the trip.

     He asked me why she had refused to join us on the trip.

TẤT TẦN TẬT VỀ CÂU TRẦN THUẬT

S+SAID/SAYS (TO SB) + O

S+TOLD/TELLS + O

* Các thành phần:

  - Câu dẫn: S+say (that)

                    S+say to sb (that)

                    S+tell sb (that)

  - Lời kể thay đổi hình thức kể như sau:

    + Đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ đổi từ ngôi 1 -> ngôi 3: I -> He/She

                                                                                        We -> They

    + Tính từ sở hữu: my -> his/her

                                 our -> their

    + Trong trường hợp kể về chính mình thì ngôi 2 -> ngôi 1: You -> I/We

                                                                                                   Your -> My/ Our

  - Thay đổi về thì của ĐT theo nguyên tắc lùi 1 thì:

     + Am/is/are -> was/were

        Vs/es -> Ved

        Don't/Doesn't -> Didn't

     + Am/is/are+Ving -> was/were+Ving

     + Have/Has+P2 -> had+P2

     + Ved -> Ved/ had+P2

     + Can -> Could

         May -> Might

         Will -> would

         must -> must/ had to

         should/ ought to -> giữ nguyên

      (*Lưu ý: Không lùi thì trong trường hợp kể về sự thật hiển nhiên; sau các thức giả định; sau câu đk loại 2, 3)

   - Từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:

      + "To come" thường đổi thành "to go"

      + now -> then

      + today -> that day

      + tonight -> that night

      + tomorrow -> the next/following day, the day after...

      + next week/month/year -> the next week/..., the following week/...

      + the day after tomorrow -> in 2 days time

      + yesterday -> the day before/ the previous day

      + last week/month... -> the previous week/month/...

      + ago -> before

      + the day before yesterday -> 2 days before

      + here -> there

      + this -> that ; these -> those (this/these là tt chỉ định có thể đổi thành "the")

II. Commands: mệnh lệnh

 1. Positive: 

      "V+O, please", S + say (to O)

   => S + tell + O + to V + O : yêu cầu ai đó làm gì

   eg: "Clean up your room", my mother said.

      => My mother told me to clean up my room.

   - Tùy vào mức độ mà chọn ĐT "kể" phù hợp:

          ask (yêu cầu)

          warn (cảnh báo)

          order (ra lệnh)

          force (ép buộc)

          beg (cầu xin)

          require (yêu cầu)

          plead with (van nài)

 2. Negative:

     "Don't+V+O..., please", S+say (to O)

    => S+tell/ask+O+not+to-V

      eg: He told me not to lock the door.

II. Requests:

      "Can/could/will/would you + V ..., please?

     => S + ask/ request/ told + O +to V

III. Advice:

      "S+should/ought (not) to/had better+V+O", S + say/tell + O

     => S1+say (that) S2+should/had better/ought to+V

     => S+advise+O (not)+to V

        eg: "You should go to bed early, Hoa", the doctor said.

           -> The doctor told Hoa (that) she should go to bed early.

           -> The doctor advise Hoa to go to bed early.

IV. Invitation: lời mời

    "Would you like+N?", S+say

    => S+offer+O+N

     eg: "Would you like some tea?", he said.

         -> He offered me some tea.

     "Would you like+ to V?", S+say

     => S+invite/ask+O+to-V

V. Remind: nhắc nhở

    Don't forget to V

    Remember to V

    Be sure to V 

   => S+remind+O+to V

VI. Yes/No question:

   "Do/can/will you + V?", S+say+to+O

                ask                                                     Ved

    => S1+want to know + if/whether + S2+ could   + V

                wonder                                              would

                inquire                                               might ....

VII. Wh-question

- Cách chuyển giống Yes/No question, nhưng k mượn if/whether mà lấy từ hỏi làm từ nối.

   eg: "Where do you live, boy?", the man said.

         -> The man asked the boy where he lived.

VIII. Or-question 

- Cách chuyển giống Yes/ No question, từ nối: whether ... or

IX. "To V" sau "wh-words"

   eg: " Where should I go to get some paper?", she asked me.

          -> She asked me where she should go to get some paper.

          -> She asked me where to get some paper.

1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports man.

⇒ the instructor warned the sports man not to reapeat that mistake again

2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.

⇒ the assistant told me to leave my address with the secrectary

3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.

⇒ the manager told the client to phone to him for an answer the next day

4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.

⇒the father told the kid not to be so silly

5. Tom said to the girl: "When did you have this picture taken?''

=>Tom asked the girl when she had the picture taken.

6. "Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class?" Tom said

=>Tom suggested going somewhere for a cup of coffee after class.

7. John said to Mary," Why don't you wear your hair a little longer."

=>John suggested that Mary should wear her hair a little longer.

8. Ann asked her brother “What are you planning to do tomorrow?”

=>Ann asked her brother what were he plaining to do the next day.

9. She asked her boyfriend “Is it true that your father fought in the last war?”

=>She asked her boyfriend is it was true that his father fought in the previous year.

10. He said “I don’t understand why she has refused to join us on the trip” 

=>He said that he didn't understand why she had refused to join them on the trip

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