1. Zoe is the girl. She phoned the police yesterday.
 Zoe is the girl who phoned the police yesterday.

Danh từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ nên ĐTQH cần sd là who
2. I buy a dress which is beautiful and fashionable.
 I buy a beautiful and fashionable dress

Rút gọn bằng cách sd ngữ pháp Tính từ đứng trc Danh từ
3. The woman who is standing over there is my teacher.

 The woman standing over there is my teacher.

Rút gọn bằng cách sd V-ing
4. The last student that was interviewed was Zoe.
 The last student to be interviewed was Zoe.

Trong câu có các từ "the only, the first, the last,..." thì đc rút gọn bằng cách to-V hoặc to be P2 (trong câu bị động)
5. Those are books. Jack has just bought them from the bookstore.
 Those are books which Jack has just bought from the bookstore.

Danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ nên ĐTQH cần sd là Which
6. The Maldives, which is best known for foreign travelers, has pleasant weather.
 The Maldives, best known for foreign travelers, has pleasant weather

Rút gọn bằng cách sử dụng P2 mà không cần ĐTQH
7. They had a pool in which they could swim
 They had a pool to swim

Cách rút gọn bằng "to-V: để làm gì"