Bài `3` :

`1.` He hasn't spoken to a foreigner before.

`→`This is the first time + S + have/has + VpII ( lần đầu tiên làm việc nào đó )

`=` S + have/has not + VpII + before ( chưa từng làm việc nào đó trước đây )

`2.` She has written this novel for one month.

`→`S + started/began + Ving/To V + thời gian

`=`  S + have/has + VPII + for/since + thời gian

`3.` We have played football since we were five.

`→`S + started/began + Ving/To V + thời gian

`=`  S + have/has + VPII + for/since + thời gian

`4.` She hasn't corresponded me for 5 months.

`→`The last time + S + last + V quá khứ + was + time + ago

`=` Phủ định của hiện tại hoàn thành : S + have/has not + VPII + for/since thời gian

`5.` We haven't met each other for a long time.

`→`It’s + time + since + S + last + V2/ed + O

`=` Phủ định của hiện tại hoàn thành : S + have/has not + VPII + for/since thời gian

$1$. He hasn't spoken to a foreigner before

$2$. She has written this novel for one month

$3$. We have played football since we were five

$4$. She hasn't corresponded me for 5 month

$5$. We haven't met each other for a long time

`->`S + has/have + never + Ved/3 + O + before: Ai chưa từng làm gì trước đây

`->`S + has/have + (not) + Ved/3 + (for + khoảng thời gian/since + quãng thời gian)