1.

Having + quá khứ phân từ có nghĩa: bởi vì hoặc trước đây.

Having seen that movie before, I didn't want to go again.

Thường cụm từ -ing đầu câu có nghĩa "bởi vì", câu (1) và (2) có cùng nghĩa.

Lacking the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the job

2.

Because + mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân, mệnh đề chỉ kết quả

As/Since + mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân, mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.

 for + mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân.

Because of + Danh từ/ đại từ/ Cụm danh từ

S + tobe +  due to + tính từ

• Because of the wind, all the clothes were blown off

• She was depressed for her husband cheated.

1.

In spite of / despite + Noun/ Noun phrase/ Gerund pharse

Despite studying hard, he failed the final test

I arrived on time in spite of / despite the heavy traffic

Although/ though/ even though + S + V

2.

S + V    although / (even) though + S + V.
Although / (Even) Though + S + V, S + V.

We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
 I couldn’t sleep even though I was very tired.

S + V   + in spite of / despite + NP / Gerund.
In spite of / Despite + NP / Gerund, S + V.

1.

so that - in order to - so as to - to

I buy a TV in order that I can watch my favorite football matches.

She walks to work every day in order to lost weight.

2.

in order/ so as + to-infinitive 

He borrowed money so as to buy a computer.

She wore headphones in order not to disturb anyone.

mệnh đề nguyên nhân và kết quả mk gộp lm 1 bạn nhé

chúc bạn học tốt ạ

mk xin ctlhn đc ko ạ