${1.}$ It was alleged that the man had robbed the store of $4,000 in cash.

          The man was alleged to have robbed the store of $4,000 in cash.

${2.}$ The damage is reported to be extensive.

${3.}$ It was alleged that two prisoners had escaped from the maximum security prison.

          Two prisoners were alleged to have escaped from the maximum security prison.

${4.}$ It was believed that he was working in New York.

          He was believed to have been working in New York.

${5.}$ It is reported that the building was badly damaged by the fire.

          The building is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire.

${6.}$ It is believed that the president works 12 hours a day.

          The president is believed to work 12 hours a day.

${7.}$ It is expected that the train strike will end soon.

          The train strike is expected to end soon

${8.}$ It is said that there’s a secret tunnel between the two houses.

         There is said to be a secret tunnel between the two houses.

${9.}$ It is reported that ten people were injured in the explosion.

          Ten people is reported to have been injured in the explosion by newspapers.

${10.}$ It is thought that the robbers were driving a red car.

            The robbers are thought to have been driving a red car.

→ bị động đặc biệt:

- It + Vbe + said/thought/alleged/believed/reported/expected ... + that + S2 + V2 + O2

- S2 + Vbe + said/thought/alleged/believed/reported/expected ... + to_V/ to have + v3/ed + O2 + (by+O)

* Sử dụng to_V khi V2 ở thì HTĐ hoặc thì TLĐ

* Sử dụng to have V3/ed khi V2 ở thì QKĐ hoặc thì HTHT