1. A research on how people spend their money for clothes is being carried out by him. 

"is carrying" => thì HTTD => chuyển sang câu bị động dùng thì HTTD:

                                              S + am/ is/ are +  being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

2. Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job. 

=> Although + S + V + …, S + V + … = Despite+ N/N phrase/V-ing, S + V + …
3. The guard told us not to litter as we were walking along the coast. 

câu tường thuật => lùi thì HTTD"are walking" về QKTD "were walking"

4. The last time I bought clothes was in my trip to Hanoi.

The last time (lần cuối cùng) + S+V (Simple past tense)

5. It is thought that a garden would be a perfect setting for the house. => câu tường thuật

6. Jack was made to study a lot for the entrance exam to high school by his parents.

câu chủ động có "made" - quá khứ đơn => chuyển về câu bị động: S + was/ were + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

7. Unless you have a passport, you can’t register for a course abroad.

câu điều kiện loại 1: Unless + S + V (simple present), S + will/can/shall + not+ V : diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra trg tương lai

8. Quang suggested  that we visit the Royal Citadel first. => Suggest + that-clause: đề xuất ý kiến

9. He is expected to join the company soon. 

10. She suggests using Perfume Pagoda as a theme of the presentation => Suggest + V-ing: đề cập đến 1 hành động nhưng không nói cụ thể ai sẽ làm hành động đó.