1/ an independent state consisting of a city and the area around it city-state____

2/ an underground train system _metro _____

3/ a system that shows the level of prices and wages, ect, so that they can be compared with those of a previous date _index_____

4/ the feeling of tiredness and confusion after you fly between places that have a time difference of several hours _jet lag_____

5/ a tower with a powerful flashing light that guides ships away from danger _lighthouse________

6/ a fact or situation that influences the result of something _factor____

7/ the situation when there are too many people or things in one place _overcrowding__________

8/ the spread of a city into the area surrounding it, often without planning __urban sprawl___

cho mik ctlhn nha

1) city-state : thành phố-tiểu bang

2) metro : tàu điện ngầm

3) index : chỉ mục

4) jet lag : 

5) lighthouse: ngọn hải đăng

6) factor : yếu tố

7) overcrowding : quá đông

8) urban sprawl : sự mở rộng đô thị