39. We discussed the problem but nobody came up with a solution.

come up with: nghĩ ra

40. Claire's parents didn't let her stay out late when she lived at home.

allow sb to do smt = let sb do smt: cho phép ai đó làm gì

41. If I'd caught the 10.30 train, I turned up on time.

turn up = arrive: xuất hiện, tới nơi

42. Rescue workers were prevented from getting through the village by floods.

prevent sb from doing smt: ngăn cản ai đó làm gì

=>
39. We discussed the problem but nobody/no one came up with a solution. ( come up with : nảy ra, nghĩ ra)
40. Claire's parents didn't let her stay out late when she lived at home. ( let sb V = allow sb to V : cho phép ai làm gì)
41. If I'd caught the 10.30 train, I would have turned up on time. ( turn up : đến, on time : đúng giờ/ câu đk loại 3 : If S had V3/ed, S would have V3/ed.)
42. Rescue workers were prevented from getting through to the village by flood. ( bị động qkđ : was/were V3/ed. prevent from Ving : ngăn cản làm gì)