`1.` I haven't seen her for a year.

`->` S + have/has + not + Vpp + for/since + time

`=` S + last + V2/ed + time + ago

`2.` My brother has played the piano since he was 8 years old.

 `->` S + have/has + Vpp + for/since + time

`=` S + started/began + V-ing + time + ago

`3.` It is difficult for us to learn English.

`->` It + be + adj + for sb + to do sth.

`4.` We wish he were at the party now.

`->` "Wish" ở hiện tại: S + wish(es) + (that) + S + V2/ed

`5.` I spent 29 minutes walking to school yesterday.

`->`  It takes/took (sb) + time + to do something

`=` S + spend + time/money + V-ing. 

`6.` She was thought to have gone abroad 20 years ago.

Câu bị động kép: People/They/... + think/say/suppose/believe/... that + S + V

`->` Cách 1: It is/was + think/say/suppose/believe/... that + S + V

`->` Cách 2: S + be + think/say/suppose/believe/... to V + O/ to have + V3/ed + O