In 1900 the Nobel Foundation was established to manage the fund and to administer the activities of the institutions selecting winners. The fund is controlled by a board of directors, which serves for two-year periods and consists of six members, who are either Swedish or Norwegian citizens. Nominations of candidates for the prizes can be made only by those who have received invitiations to do so. In the fall of the year preceding the award, Nobel committees distribute invitations to members of the prize-awarding bodies, to previous Nobel prize winners, and to professors in relevant fields at certain colleges and universities. Upon invitation, members of governments or certain international organizations may nominate candidates for the peace prize. The Nobel Foundation's statutes do not allow individuals to nominate themselves. Invitations to nominate candidates and the nominations themselves are both confidential. The prizes are presented annually at ceremonies in Stockholm, Sweden, and in Oslo, Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. In Stockholm, the king of Sweden presents the awards in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and economic sciences. The peace prize ceremony takes place at the University of Oslo in the presence of the king of Norway. After the ceremonies, Nobel Prize winners give a lecture on a subject connected with their prize-winning work. The lectures are later printed in the Nobel Foundation's annual publication, Les Prix Nobel. 1. The board of directors of the Nobel Foundation who controls the fund. A. is responsible for selecting winners. B. consists of members from Sweden or Norway. C. serves only two years and has six Swedish members. D. A, B and C. 2. Who may nominate candidates for the Nobel peace prize ? A. Individuals may nominate themselves. B. Governments or international organizations invitations. C. College and university professors with invitations. D. The previous Nobel prize winners who are invited. 3. Which word has the meaning similar to the word statutes ? A. Statues. B. Organization. C. Administrator. D. Laws 4. Which of the following is not true according to the passage ? A. The lectures given by Nobel Prize winners are later printed in the publication Les Prix Nobel. B. Invitations to nominate candidates and the nominations are published in the Nobel Foundation's annual publication. C. The Noble Prizes are presented annually at ceremonies in Stockholm and Oslo. D. The Noble Prizes are presented annually on the anniversary of Nobel's death. 5. The Nobel award in literature is presented. A. in a city different from that in physics. B. by the king of Norway. C. in a country different from that in peace. D. in the Nobel Foundation's annual publication.