Cấu trúc câu tường thuật : S + said(to sb ) + ( that ) + S + V ( lùi thì )

                                         S + told + O + ( that ) + S + V ( lùi thì )

` 1 . ` Emily said ( that ) their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day 

- Tính từ sở hữu : Our ` -> ` Their 

- Lùi thì : Will ` -> ` Would 

- Tomorrow ` -> ` The next day / The following day 

` 2 . ` Helen told me ( that ) she was writing a letter then 

- Đổi chủ ngữ : I ` -> ` She 

- Lùi thì : Hiện tại tiếp diễn `-> ` Qúa khứ tiếp diễn 

- Now ` -> ` Then

` 3 . ` Robert told me ( that ) his father had flown to lowa the previous day 

- Tính từ sở hữu : My ` -> ` his 

- Lùi thì : Qúa khứ đơn ` -> ` Qúa khứ hoàn thành 

- Yesterday ` -> ` the previous day / the day before

` 4 . ` Michael said to me ( that ) he was going to read a book that day 

- Đổi chủ ngữ :  I `  -> `  He 

- Lùi thì : S + is /am / are + going to + V nguyên mẫu ( TLG ) `  -> `  S + was / were + going to + V nguyên mẫu 

- Today `  -> `  That day 

` 5 . `  David said that John had already gone at six 

- Lùi thì : Hiện tại hoàn thành `  -> `  Qúa khứ hoàn thành

`1)` Emily: "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow."
`->` Emily said that their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day

- will `->` would + V 

- tomorrow `->` the next day

2) Helen: "I am writing a letter now."
`->` Helen told me that she was writing a letter then

- HTTD `->` QKTD

- S + was / were + V-ing 

- now `->` then

3) Robert: "My father flew to Lowa yesterday."
`->` Robert told me that his father had flown to Lowa the day before.

- QKĐ `->` QKHT 

- S + had + V-pp

- yesterday `->` the day before 

`4)` Michael: "I am going to read a book today"
`->` Michael said to me that he was going to read a book that day

- S + am/is/are + going to + V 

`=` S + was/ were + v-ing

- S + was/ were + V-ing + N/ sth

- today `->` that day

`5)` David: "John had already gone at six."
`->` David said that John had already gone at six.

- S + said that + Clause 

- QKHT `->` QKHT 

- S + had + V-pp