`1.` Josie has been training for the London Marathon since last January.

`-` Started/began `+` Ving/to V `=` have/has `+` `Vp2`/been `+` Ving

`2.` The company has never accepted any of my apps designs before.

`-` This is the first/second...time `+` S + have/has `+` `Vp2`

`=` S `+` have/has `+` (never) `+` `Vp2` `+` before.

`3.` I have just seen Carlo on TV talking about his medal for skiing.

`-` Just : vừa mới($\textit{DHNB}$) thì HTHT

`+` S `+` have/has `+` `Vp2`

`4.` You have been skateboarding in the street all the time in the street `-` why don't you go to the park instead?

`-` Thì Hoàn thành tiếp diễn(Present perfect continuous) :

`+` S `+` have/has `+` been `+` Ving