`-` Reported speech : dạng câu trần thuật

`-` Cấu trúc: S + say/said/tell/told... + (that) + S + V (lùi thì) 

`1.` Helen said (that) she hadn't seen Sue since the month before.

`-` Thì Quá Khứ đơn `->` thì Quá Khứ hoàn thành

`-` Đổi đại từ: I `->` she

`-` last month `->` the month before/ the previous month.

`2.` Michael told the police (that) his house had been broken in the night before.

`-` was broken `->` had been broken

`-` Đổi tính từ sở hữu: my `->` his

`-` last night `->` the night before/ the previous night

`3.` Tom told me he had been having dinner when the police came the day before.

`-` Thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn `->` thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

`-` Đổi đại từ nhân xưng: I `->` he

`-` yesterday `->` the day before/the previous day

`-` Động từ trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian "when the police came" được chia ở thì Quá khứ nên không lùi thì.

`4.` Charlie told his friend (that) he didn't work for that company anymore.

`-` Thì Hiện tại đơn `->` Thì Quá khứ đơn

`-` Đổi đại từ: I `->` he

`5.` He said to his wife (that) he would phone her as soon as he arrived at the airport that afternoon.

`-` will `->` would 

`-` Đổi đại từ: I `->` he

`-` Tân ngữ: you `->` her

`-` Tính từ chỉ định: this `->` that

`-` Động từ trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian "as soon as I arrive" được chia ở thì HTĐ `->` lùi về thì QKĐ thành "arrived"

`6.` Nick said he would be attending an important meeting with his boss at `9.`a.m the next day.

`-` will `->` would

`-` Đổi đại từ: I `->` he

`-` tomorrow `->` the next day

`7.` Jim says (that) he is having a party two days later.

`-` "am" `->` "is"

`-` Đổi đại từ: "I" `->` "he" 

`-` the day after tomorrow `->` two days later

`8.` She said (that) her husband was picking her mother up at the train station then.

`-` Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn `->` thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn

`-` Đổi tính từ sở hữu: "my" `->` her"

`-` "at the moment" `->` "then"

`9.` Mark said (that) he had been waiting for her for half an hour at that sidewalk cafe.

`-` Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn `->` thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

`-` Đổi đại từ: I `->` he

`-` Tính từ chỉ định: this `->` that

`10.` They told me (that) they had painted their house themselves.

`-` thì Quá khứ đơn `->` thì quá khứ hoàn thành

`-` đổi đại từ: we `->` they

`-` tính từ sở hữu: our `->` their 

`-` ourselves `->` themselves

`11.` My father says to us that we will throw a party in the garden if the weather's good.

`-` Động từ tường thuật "says" ở thì HTĐ nên động từ trong câu trực tiếp sẽ k cần lùi thì.

`12.` My teacher told us (that) we had to choose one of those topics to write an essay.

`-` must `->` had to

`-` Đổi đại từ: you `->` we

`-` Tính từ chỉ định: these `->` those

`13.` She told her boyfriend (that) she might be chosen as the brand ambassador for the new product of her company.

`-` may `->` might

`-` Đổi đại từ: I `->` she

`-` Tính từ sở hữu: my `->` her

`14.` My mother told me (that) I would have to go to university for many years if I wanted to be a doctor.

`-` Câu điều kiện loại 1 `->` câu điều kiện loại `2`

`-` đổi đại từ: you `->` I

`15.` He said to her (that) she was the most beautiful girl he had ever met.

`-` are `->` was , have ever met `->` had ever met

`-` Đổi đại từ: you `->` she , I `->` he

$@quene_ $

Đáp án `+` Giải thích các bước giải:

$\text{Reported speech : Câu tường thuật}$

$\text{Statements : Dạng câu trần thuật}$

Cth chung $\text{S + said (that) / told O (that) + S + V_lùi thì}$

$\text{I/me/my/your/you/we/us/our}$ 

$\Rightarrow$ Đổi lại cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh mới của người nói và người nghe. Khi đổi, đổi cùng chức năng ngữ pháp

`1.` Helen said that she hadn't seen Sue since the month before.

`2.` Michael told the police that his house had been broken in the night before.

`3.` Tom told me that he had been having dinner when the police came the day before.

`4.` Charlie told his friend that he didn't work for that company anymore.

`5.` He told his wife that he would phone her as soon as he arrived at the airport that afternoon.

`6.` Nick said he would be attending an important meeting with his boss at 9 a.m the next day.

`7.` Jim says that he is having a party the two following days.

`8.` She said that her husband was picking her mother up at the train station then.

`9.` Mark said that he had been waiting for her for half an hour at that sidewalk café.

`10.` They told me that they had painted their house themselves.

`11.` My father says to us that we will throw a party in the garden if the weather's good.

`12.` My teacher told us that we had to choose one of those topics to write an essay.

`13.` She told her boyfriend that she might be chosen as the brand ambassador for the new product of her company.

`14.` My mother told me that I would have to go to university for many years if I wanted to be a doctor.

`15.` He said to her that she was the most beautiful girl he had ever met.

$\text{+ Verb tense:}$

am/is/are $\rightarrow$ was/were

V_bare/V_s,es $\rightarrow$ V2/Ved

don't/doesn't + V_bare $\rightarrow$ didn't + V_bare

can $\text{+ Verb tense:}$ could

will $\rightarrow$ would

may $\rightarrow$ might

must/have to/has to $\rightarrow$ had to

$\text{+ Time / Place:}$

here $\rightarrow$ there

now $\rightarrow$ then

today $\rightarrow$ that day

tonight $\rightarrow$ that night

tomorrow $\rightarrow$ the following day

this $\rightarrow$ that

these $\rightarrow$ those

next (week/month/year) $\rightarrow$ the following + (week/month/year)

\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline \text{S}&\text{O}&\text{Pronoun Adj}\\\hline \text{I}&\text{me}&\text{my}\\\hline \text{we}&\text{us}&\text{our}\\\hline \text{you}&\text{you}&\text{your}\\\hline \text{they}&\text{them}&\text{their}\\\hline \text{he}&\text{him}&\text{his}\\\hline \text{she}&\text{her}&\text{her}\\\hline \text{it}&\text{it}&\text{its}\\\hline\end{array}