`1`.Susan hasn't gone to Britain for `2` years

`\rightarrow` Thì HTHT ( PĐ ) : S + haven't / hasn't + VpII

`\rightarrow` `DHNB` : for

`2`.We have never been in an aeroplane before

`\rightarrow` S + have / has + never + VpII + before : Chưa làm gì trước đây

`3`.It has snowed since six o'clock this morning

`\rightarrow` Thì HTHT : S + have / has + VpII

`\rightarrow` `DHNB` : since

`4`.How much does that camera cost , please ?

`\rightarrow` Hỏi giá :

`=>` How much + do / does + N + cost ?

`5`.The atmosphere is being polluted by the use of certain spray cans

`\rightarrow` BĐ `-` HTTD : S + is / am / are + being + VpII ( by O )

`\text{# TF}`

`1`. Susan has not been to Britain for two years.

- The last time + S + Ved/ V2 + ... + was + time + ago.

= S + have/has + not + Vpp + ... + for + time.

- go to somewhere: đi đến đâu -> Nhấn mạnh quá trình đi đến một nơi nào đó, và chưa đến nơi đó.

- be to somewhere: đi đến đâu -> Nhấn mạnh địa điểm đến, đã đến nơi đó.

`2`. We have never been in an aeroplane before.

- This/ It + to be + the/TTSH + first time + ...

= S + have/has + never + Vpp + ... + before.

`3`. It has snowed since six oclock this morning.

- S + started/ began + to V/ V-ing + ... pre + time.

= S + have/has + Vpp + ... + since + time.

- since + mốc thời gian.

`4`. How much does that camera cost, please?

- What + to be + the price of + N ?

= How much + aux V + S + cost ?

`5`. The atmosphere is being polluted by the use of certain spray cans.

- Bị động thì hiện tại tiếp diễn ( + ) S + am/is/are + being + Vpp + (by O).