1. He enjoys listening to music 

enjoy + Ving : yêu thích làm gì 

= Doing sth gives sb pleasure

2. Her younger sister is not as beautiful as her

S1 + tobe + more adj/adj-er + than S2

= S2 + tobe not as adj as S1

3. They have been studying English since 2004

S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago

= S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since ...

4.  My father is a teacher at a high schoo

S + works as sb 

= S + tobe + nghề nghiệp 

`#Ly`

$8:$ Listening to music gives him pleasure

`->` He enjoys listening to music 

$-$ $V_{ing}$ $+$ gives $+$ $O$ $+$ $N$

$=$ $S$ $+$ enjoy/like/love/hate/... $+$ $V_{ing}$

$9:$ She is more beautiful than her younger sister

`->` Her younger sister is not as beautiful as her

$-$ $S_1$ $+$ be $+$ adjer/more adj $+$ than $+$ $S_2$

$=$ $S$ $+$ be(not) $+$ as adj as $+$ $O$

$10:$ They began studying English in $2004$

`->` They have studied English since $2004$

$-$ $S$ $+$ began $+$ $V_{ing}$ 

$=$ $S$ $+$ have/has $+$ $V_{pII}$ 

$11:$ My father works as a teacher at a high school

`->` My father is a teacher at a high school

$-$ $S$ $+$ work as a sb 

$=$ $S$ $+$ be $+$ nghề nghiệp $+$ sb: Ai đó làm nghề gì