`1`. Life in the city is not as comfortable as life in the countryside.

*So sánh hơn -> So sánh không ngang bằng:

- S1 + to be + comparative + than + S2.

= S2 + to be + not + as/so + adj + as + S1.

- Thì hiện tại đơn ( + ) S + am/is/are + not + ...

`2`. The house has been finished since last week.

- Chủ ngữ là tân ngữ của câu gốc (Câu chủ động) -> Thể bị động

- Bị động thì hiện tại hoàn thành ( + ) S + have/has + been + Vpp + (by O).

`3`. Hardly did she phone me when I and she were in Moscow

*Cấu trúc đảo ngữ

- S + (adv.) + V + (O) + ...

-> Đảo ngữ: (Adv.) + aux V + S + V-inf + (O) + ...

- Thì quá khứ đơn nên đảo trợ động từ "did" lên trước chủ ngữ

- Sau khi đã đảo trợ động từ lên thì động từ nguyên mẫu.

`4`. The man whose car I borrowed last week is very generous.

- whose là ĐTQH chỉ sự sở hữu

- Sau "whose" là 1 danh từ/ cụm danh từ

`5`. Mary asked where I was going to visit next summer.

- Câu tường thuật với WH-question: S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered/... + (O) + WH-words + S + V (lùi thì)

- You -> I ; Tương lai gần -> was/ were + going to V

`6`. They were speaking too softly for me to hear.

- S + V (kết quả) + because + S + V (nguyên nhân): vì, bởi vì

- S + V + too + adj + (for O) + to V: quá thế nào (cho ai/ cái gì) để làm gì

1) Life in the countryside is more comfortable than life in the city.

⇒ Life in the city is not as comfortable as life in the countryside.

2) They have finished the house since last week.

⇒ The house has been finished by them since last week.

3) She hardly phoned me when I and she were in Moscow.

⇒ Hardly did she phone me when I and she were in Moscow.

4) The man is very generous. I borrowed his car last week.

⇒ The man whose car I borrowed last week is very generous.

5) "Where are you going to visit next summer?" Mary said.

⇒ Mary asked me where I was going to visit the following summer.

6) I couldn't hear them because they were speaking too softly

⇒ They were speaking so softly that I couldn't hear them.