a) To natural environment • Construction water resources, rocky soil and dredging materials, especially areas where mangrove forests are cut down for harbor construction, greatly reduce water quality, turbidity, and increased sedimentation. Benthic organisms are destroyed, dirt created by dredging. The sea and land are contaminated with waste. Land clearance and leveling for construction and road construction can cause erosion and landslides, which directly affect surface water quality. Garbage and sewage dumping indiscriminately into water sources as well as releasing a certain amount of petroleum during the operation of construction equipment. • Long term impacts due to the operation and maintenance of tourist facilities The landslides or drifting rubbish will increase the content of mud and sediments, so the quality of the water source is worse, the toxicity increases. Water pollution occurs due to various reasons such as untreated waste discharged into water sources, oil, grease, hydrocarbon waste by water means of transport (ships, cruise boats, etc.). Canoeing ...) Tourist activities are also the cause of water pollution such as: littering (when crossing the ferry ...) contaminated water supply, many organisms harmful to health, pouring substances liquid (hydrocarbon substances when swimming, riding motorbikes ...), oil spill creates oil spills leading to heavy poisoning, poor water quality. The change of land use purpose leads to ecological imbalance, changes the landscape, accelerates the erosion process. Other activities: busy traffic, too many tourists, deteriorating air quality, deteriorating tourism values. • Air resources Although considered a "smoke-free industry", tourism can cause air pollution through emissions of motorbikes and boats, especially in key transport hubs and axes, causing harm. for trees, wildlife and constructions of limestone and concrete. Dust and air pollutants appear mainly due to traffic activities, production and energy use. Increased use of motorized traffic is a significant cause of dust and environmental pollution. Noisy situation arising from the increased use of motor vehicles such as boats, motor ferries, motorbikes ... as well as tourist activities in tourist destinations, creating immediate and long-term consequences. • Land resources Tourism involves the construction of infrastructure, hotels and tourist service works. This inevitably leads to the encroachment of areas formerly known as natural landscapes, cultivated and livestock areas. Tourism development activities often lead to a reduction in the availability of arable land for agriculture. • Biological resources Habitat pollution, along with the loss of natural landscapes and livestock areas, are factors that make some species of plants and animals gradually lose their habitat. Some extreme activities of tourists such as cutting trees to break branches, hunting birds and animals in natural forests are also the cause of the reduction in both the quantity and quality of creatures within the tourist area. Pollution factors such as garbage and improperly treated wastewater directly affect aquatic ecosystems. Tourist activities have a great impact on the ecosystem ... aquatic tourism activities such as collecting oysters, snails, exploiting corals as souvenirs and anchoring at coral reefs all increase employment. destroying coral reefs, habitat for aquatic animals. Professional hunting also contributes to the reduction of many species of organisms in danger of extinction. The increasing exploitation and use of land is affecting the flora and fauna habitat. Visitor demand for seafood is considered to be the main cause of the strong environmental impact of lobster and other valuable seafood. For freshwater ecosystems (rivers, lakes) fishing to meet the needs of visitors is also a threat to valuable animals, especially crocodiles. Sports and fishing activities of tourists in the coastal area have had a negative impact on the conservation of precious species that are in need of protection. Prohibited and primeval forests are especially vulnerable when there are many tourists. Activities such as vehicle movement, trampling on the grass, indiscriminate fruit picking, indiscriminate tree felling ... gradually lost many species of flora and fauna. In wildlife sanctuaries, the activities of convoys and tourists also have a negative impact on the environment, causing weaknesses to be lost and creatures becoming frightened, even many animals. died in an accident caused by a human. b) Humanistic tourism environment - The impact of tourism activities on socio-cultural aspects is difficult to quantify because most of them are: The impacts of tourism on socio-culture are shown in contributing to change. values ​​system, personal status, family relationships, collective lifestyles, ethical behavior, traditional rituals and community organizations. Most of them are indirect effects. - Tourism activities cause many changes in social morality and crime level. In Vietnam, the crimes of robbery, begging in tourist centers and destinations are often higher than in other places, and activities of prostitution tend to increase. - The host country's traditional culture may be ruined or devalued. Culture degrades in both size and speed. Damaging cultural systems, causing changes in sexual practices. Strengthen the conflict between the new and the conservative old. Society becomes more complex. c) Socio-economic environment - Economic: + The development of tourism by the management side or the number of tourists passing through will cause an imbalance between supply and demand. That affects the price. + Spending money from tourists could be the cause of high inflation - About society: + Change consumption trends: Change the way of consumption, enjoyment, gambling, prostitution, drugs, robbery and common crime. Commercialization of traditional cultural and social activities. Increasing social conflicts, increasing conflicting conflicts between groups of different interests. Need more police, more control measures. The increasing concentration of visitors at the same time or place will overload the beaches and motels, and congested roads significantly impair the quality of life. volume_upcontent_copysharestar_border