` 1 ` ; has been

HTHT + for: S + have / has + VPII + for + 1 khoảng TG

DHNB : for many years

` 2 ` : haven't seen

HTHT + for: S + have / has + VPII + for + 1 khoảng TG

DHNB : for many months

` 3 ` : have seen

` -> ` This is the first time + S + have / has + VPII

` 4 `: has taught

HTHT + since : S + have/ has + VPII + since + 1 mốc TG

DHNB : Since 3 years ago

` 5 `: has just gone

HTHT + just : S +have / has + just + VPII

` 6 ` : Do you

HTĐ : Do / does+ S + V ngueyen mẫu

` 7 ` : thiếu vế đằng sau

` 8 ` : has gone 

` -> ` This is the first time + S + have / has + VPII

` 9 ` : have studied

HTHT + for: S + have / has + VPII + for + 1 khoảng TG

DHNB : for 10 years

` 10 ` : have lived

HTHT + since : S + have/ has + VPII + since + 1 mốc TG

DHNB : Since 1999

`2` haven't seen

`Dấu` `hiệu` : for many months 

`3` have seen

`->` This is the first time + S + have/has + PII

`4` has taught

`Dấu` `hiệu` : since 3 years ago

`5` has just gone

`Dấu` `hiệu` : just

`6` Do ...... play

`->` Hiện tại đơn 

`(?)` Do/Does + S + V ?

`7` had had 

`->` Quá khứ hoàn thành 

`(+)` S + had + PII

`8` has gone

`->` This is the first time + S + have/has + PII

`9` have studied

`Dấu` `hiệu` : for ten years

`10` have lived

`Dấu` `hiệu` : since 1999

`->` Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

`(+)` S + have/has + PII

`(-)` S + haven't/hasn't + PII

`(?)` Have/Has + S + PII ?