`1.` My sister has been learning English for 5 years

`->`S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago 

`=`S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since ...

`2.`My cousin used to v­isit me when he lived in Hanoi.

`->` S used to + V: đã từng làm gì

`3.` My friend asked me if I went to church on Saturday.

`->` S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/whether + S + V + …

`4.`A supermarket was built near the airport last year.

`->` CBĐ: S was/were P2 by O

`5.` I spent three hours cleaning the house yesterday.

`->` spend time + Ving = take time to do sth : dành thời gian làm gì

`#C365`

1. My sister started learning english 5 years ago.

⇒ My sister has learnt English for 5 years 

Giải thích: Chuyển câu từ thì QKĐ sang HTHT:

S + started/ began + Ving + thời gian + ago

⇔ S + has/ have + Vp2 + for + khoảng thời gian 

2. My cousin often v­isited me when he lived in Hanoi.

⇒ My cousin used to visit me when he lived in Hanoi

Giải thích: Cấu trúc used to Vo: đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ

3. "Do you go to church on Saturday?", my friend asked.

⇒ My friend asked me if/ whether I went to church on Saturday

Giải thích: Cấu trúc câu tường thuật câu hỏi Yes/ No Ques:

''Trợ V + S1 + V + ...? '' , S2 asked ⇔ S2 asked S1 if/ whether + S + V ( lùi thì )

4. They built a supermarket near the airport last year.

⇒ A supermarket was built near the airport last year.

Giải thích: Câu bị động thì QKĐ: S + was/were + Vp2

5. It took me three hours to clean the house yesterday.

⇒ I spent three hours cleaning the house yesterday

Giải thích: took + time + to V = spend + time + Ving: mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì