Causes and effects of football hooliganism Football hooliganism has factors (1)……………………… juvenile delinquency, and involvement is often the result of a person’s need for group identity, interaction with like-minded people, feelings of legitimacy, and a (2)………………. power. In many countries, football hooliganism is also (3)…………………….. racism, and abuse of non-white players is common. Several countries have taken (4)…​to prevent hooliganism by banning weapons inside the stadiums, separating fans of opposing teams, and sometimes not allowing any fans (5)……………… specific games at all. Although most recent incidents are less violent than in the past, hooliganism continues to be an issue despite these measures. Recent seasons have seen (6)………………… hooliganism incidents, including gun (7)​and intense verbal abuse and shaming. In December 2010, 14 people were injured when missiles were thrown onto the field and rocket flares were (8)……………… in the stands; two years later, a goalkeeper was attacked by a fan who had (9)…​been banned from every football stadium in the UK. Thousands of fans, players, and referees have been injured or killed because of hooliganism, either (10)​of opposing hooligans, police attempting to control crowds, or other fans stampeding