1. They bought this house ten years ago.

→ They have owned this house for ten years.

Chuyển từ quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành

2. Jane gave me a present on my last birthday.

→ I was given a present on my last birthday by Jane.

Bị động quá khứ đơn

3. I last saw Bob when I was in Ho Chi Minh City.

→ I haven't seen  Bob since I was in Ho Chi Minh City

Mẫu này có dạng:

Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi ....

=> ..không làm chuyện đó từ khi ....

Last: lần cuối

Since: từ khi

4. It is a three-hour drive from Hanoi to Nam Dinh.

→ It takes three hours to drive from Hanoi to Nam Dinh.

Cấu trúc: It takes sb + time + to V: ai cần bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì

5. The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was very rough.

→ The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming.

Câu trúc :

S + be + too+ Adj + ( for O ) + to V-inf : quá .... để làm gì

S + be + so + Adj + that – clause : quá .... đến nỗi

6 . All the students love the principal because he is very kind.

→ Owing to his kindness, all the students love the principal 

 owing to = because of đều là những cụm từ có nghĩa: do ai, vì ai, vì cái gì