- Thì quá khứ đơn: 

+ Với động từ to be:

$#S + were/was + adj/N +...$

+ Với động từ thường:

$#S + Ved/V2 + ...$

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

$#S + have/has + P2 +...$

1. He started to learn how to play the piano in 2005.

→ He has learnt how to play the piano since 2005.

since + mốc thời gian

2. I started studying in this school four years ago.

→ I have studied in this school for four years.

for + khoảng thời gian

3. They started working in this company in 2000.

→ They have worked in this company since 2000.

4. She started to read this book two hours ago.

→ I have seen her read this book for two hours.

Cấu trúc chung của bài :

` a) ` 

` - `  S + started / began + V-ing / to V + 1 khoảng thời gian + ago

` =`  S + have / has +`  V3 ` + for + 1 khoảng thời gian

` b) ` 

` -`  S + started / began + V-ing / to V + when + S + V-ed / V2

` = `  S + have / has + `  V3 ` + since + S + V-ed / V2

` c) `  

` -`  S + started / began + V-ing / to V + in / on / at + 1 mốc thời gian 

` = `  S + have / has + `  V3 ` + since + ` 1 ` mốc thời gian

` 1 `: He has learnt how to play the piano since ` 2005 `

` 2 ` : I have studied in this school for ` 4 ` years

` 3 ` : They have worked in this company since ` 2000 v

` 4 `: She has / I have read this book for ` 2 ` hours